Table 1.
Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy separated by treatment with or without SGLT2 inhibitors for type II diabetes mellitus, before and after propensity score matching.
| Before Propensity matching | After Propensity Matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Characteristics | SGLT2 inhibitor (n=2,741) | No SGLT2 inhibitor (n=24,107) | SMD | SGLT2 inhibitor (n=2,155) | No SGLT2 inhibitor (n=2,155) | SMD |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, years | 66.6 +/− 12.7 (Mean ± SD) |
67.8 +/− 14.7 (Mean ± SD) |
0.085 | 66.8 +/− 12.8 (Mean ± SD) |
66.8 +/− 15.0 (Mean ± SD) |
0.001 |
| White | 1,564 (57.1%) | 14,552 (60.4%) | 0.067 | 1,245 (57.8%) | 1,259 (58.4%) | 0.013 |
| Non-Hispanic or Latino | 1,892 (69.0%) | 16,619 (68.9%) | 0.002 | 1,475 (68.4%) | 1,461 (67.8%) | 0.014 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension | 2,211 (80.7%) | 14,735 (61.1%) | 0.440 | 1,680 (78.0%) | 1,658 (76.9%) | 0.024 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 2,055 (75.0%) | 11,856 (49.2%) | 0.551 | 1,527 (70.9%) | 1,509 (70.0%) | 0.018 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1,066 (38.9%) | 6,008 (24.9%) | 0.303 | 788 (36.6%) | 774 (35.9%) | 0.014 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 304 (11.1%) | 1,002 (4.2%) | 0.264 | 206 (9.6%) | 199 (9.2%) | 0.011 |
| Heart Failure | 602 (22.0%) | 2,690 (11.2%) | 0.294 | 423 (19.6%) | 414 (19.2%) | 0.011 |
| Ischemic stroke | 402 (14.7%) | 2,784 (11.5%) | 0.092 | 311 (14.4%) | 324 (15.0%) | 0.017 |
| Atrial fibrillation and flutter | 456 (16.6%) | 2,709 (11.2%) | 0.156 | 325 (15.1%) | 326 (15.1%) | 0.001 |
| Chronic lower respiratory diseases | 745 (27.2%) | 4,370 (18.1%) | 0.218 | 538 (25.0%) | 535 (24.8%) | 0.003 |
| Chronic kidney disease (CKD) | 706 (25.8%) | 4,094 (17.0%) | 0.215 | 509 (23.6%) | 477 (22.1%) | 0.035 |
| Metastatic cancer | 743 (27.1%) | 5,493 (22.8%) | 0.100 | 606 (28.1%) | 623 (28.9%) | 0.017 |
| Procedures | ||||||
| Surgical Procedures on the Male Genital System | 959 (35.0%) | 5,984 (24.8%) | 0.223 | 685(31.8%) | 631(29.3%) | 0.054 |
| Radiation Oncology Treatment | 744 (27.1%) | 1,945 (8.1%) | 0.517 | 469(21.8%) | 443(20.6%) | 0.030 |
| Medications | ||||||
| Statins | 2,182 (79.6%) | 11,330 (47.0%) | 0.719 | 1,629 (75.6%) | 1,640 (76.1%) | 0.012 |
| Antiarrhythmics | 1,764 (64.4%) | 10,092 (41.9%) | 0.463 | 1,296 (60.1%) | 1,287 (59.7%) | 0.009 |
| ACE inhibitors | 1,435 (52.4%) | 7,767 (32.2%) | 0.416 | 1,077 (50.0%) | 1,062 (49.3%) | 0.014 |
| Angiotensin II Inhibitors | 1,069 (39.0%) | 4,189 (17.4%) | 0.494 | 754 (35.0%) | 747 (34.7%) | 0.007 |
| Loop diuretics | 1,572 (57.4%) | 8,782 (36.4%) | 0.429 | 1,175 (54.5%) | 1,161 (53.9%) | 0.013 |
| Beta Blockers | 1,671 (61.0%) | 9,443 (39.2%) | 0.447 | 1,247 (57.9%) | 1,256 (58.3%) | 0.008 |
| Calcium Channel Blockers | 1,236 (45.1%) | 6,737 (27.9%) | 0.362 | 908 (42.1%) | 888 (41.2%) | 0.019 |
| Insulin | 1,513 (55.2%) | 6,742 (28.0%) | 0.575 | 1,095 (50.8%) | 1,127 (52.3%) | 0.030 |
| Metformin | 1,971 (71.9%) | 7,100 (29.5%) | 0.938 | 1,439 (66.8%) | 1,483 (68.8%) | 0.044 |
| Sitagliptin | 628 (2.9%) | 1,306 (5.4%) | 0.518 | 391 (18.1%) | 417 (19.4%) | 0.031 |
| Exenatide | 114 (4.2%) | 168 (0.7%) | 0.226 | 68 (3.2%) | 64 (3.0%) | 0.011 |
| Dulaglutide | 314 (11.5%) | 185 (0.8%) | 0.458 | 126 (5.8%) | 109 (5.1%) | 0.035 |
| Liraglutide | 223 (8.1%) | 258 (1.1%) | 0.342 | 117 (5.4%) | 112 (5.2%) | 0.010 |
| Semaglutide | 119 (4.3%) | 50 (0.2%) | 0.280 | 40 (1.9%) | 28 (1.3%) | 0.045 |
| Lixisenatide | 18 (0.7%) | 11 (0.0%) | 0.103 | 10 (0.5%) | 10 (0.5%) | <0.001 |
| Glipizide | 657 (24.0%) | 2,103 (8.7%) | 0.421 | 448 (20.8%) | 467 (21.7%) | 0.022 |
| Aspirin | 1,512 (55.2%) | 8,525 (35.4%) | 0.406 | 1,134 (52.6%) | 1,139 (52.9%) | 0.005 |
| Apixaban | 294 (10.7%) | 750 (3.1%) | 0.304 | 178 (8.3%) | 170 (7.9%) | 0.014 |
| Warfarin | 221 (8.1%) | 2,010 (8.3%) | 0.010 | 185 (8.6%) | 202 (9.4%) | 0.028 |
| Rivaroxaban | 162 (5.9%) | 606 (2.5%) | 0.170 | 104 (4.8%) | 124(5.8%) | 0.041 |
| Clopidogrel | 441 (16.1%) | 2,191 (9.1%) | 0.212 | 327 (15.2%) | 348(16.1%) | 0.027 |
| Ticagrelor | 87 (3.2%) | 166 (0.7%) | 0.181 | 45 (2.1%) | 42(1.9%) | 0.010 |
| Labs | ||||||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 +/− 2.4 | 1.3 +/− 2.4 | 0.050 | 1.1 +/− 0.5 | 1.2 +/− 0.9 | 0.036 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.8 +/− 1.9 | 12.5 +/− 2.2 | 0.144 | 12.8 +/− 1.9 | 12.3 +/− 2.2 | 0.026 |
| Cholesterol LDL ≥130 mg/dL | 590 (21.5%) | 3,317 (13.8%) | 0.205 | 441(20.5%) | 427 (19.8%) | 0.016 |
| BNP ≥150 pg/ml | 257 (9.4%) | 1,096 (4.5%) | 0.191 | 174 (8.1%) | 170 (7.9%) | 0.007 |
| NT-pro BNP ≥450 pg/ml | 154 (5.6%) | 728 (3.0%) | 0.128 | 115 (5.3%) | 109 (5.1%) | 0.013 |
| Hemoglobin A1c ≥7.0% | 1,615 (58.9%) | 5,329 (22.1%) | 0.809 | 1,125 (52.2%) | 1,111 (51.6%) | 0.013 |
| BMI ≥ 30kg/m2 | 972 (35.5%) | 6,268 (26.0%) | 0.206 | 734 (34.1%) | 696 (32.3%) | 0.037 |
| Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) <40% | 54 (2.0%) | 130 (0.5%) | 0.129 | 34 (1.6%) | 33 (1.5%) | 0.004 |
Abbreviations: SMD: Standardized Mean difference; SGLT2 – Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2;