Figure 3. Levels of a subset of amino acids are elevated in the plasma of HF patients.

Radar plot depicting plasma levels of amino acids in HFpEF (grey) and HFrEF (black) as percentages of control. Symbols indicate significance of comparisons across groups. Notably elevated species included 1- and 3-methylhistidine, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and homocitrulline.