Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients stratified by 28-d mortality
| Variable | Total (n = 2213) | Survivors (n = 1664) | Non-survivors (n = 549) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age,years | 65.4 (53.9,77.7) | 63.9 (52.3,76.6) | 70.7 (58.4,81.9) | < 0.001 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.161 | |||
| Female | 991 (44.8) | 731(43.9) | 260 (47.4) | |
| Male | 1222 (55.2) | 933(56.1) | 289 (52.6) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| White | 1506 (68.1) | 1162 (69.8) | 344 ((62.7) | |
| Black | 184 (8.3) | 145 (8.7) | 39 (7.1) | |
| Other | 523 (23.6) | 357 (21.5) | 166 (30.2) | |
| Hospital LOS,days | 13.5 (6.9,25.1) | 15.5 (7.7,29.5) | 10.2 (4.8,16.4) | < 0.001 |
| ICU LOS,days | 3.7 (1.8,9.6) | 3.4 (1.8,9.6) | 4.4 (2.0,9.9) | 0.003 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Hematocrit (%) | 31.1 (26.9,35.9) | 31.4 (27.2,36.0) | 30.3 (26.2,35.2) | 0.005 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.2 (8.8,11.8) | 10.3 (8.9,11.9) | 9.8 (8.4,11.4) | 0.016 |
| White blood cell (K/µL) | 12.7 (8.3,18.6) | 12.3 (8.1,18.1) | 14.1 (9.0,20.0) | 0.010 |
| Platelets (K/uL) | (174.0,113.0,253.5) | 178.0 (118.0,258.5) | 158.0 (92.3,241.0) | 0.013 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 23.5 (15.0,40.0) | 21.5 (14.0,35.0) | 32.5 (20.5,53.0) | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.2 (0.8,1.9) | 1.1 (0.8,1.7) | 1.5 (1.0,2.5) | < 0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 2.9 (2.4,3.3) | 2.9 (2.5,3.4) | 2.7 (2.2,3.2) | < 0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 32.0 (15.0,101.5) | 29.5 (13.0,87.3) | 42.0 (19.5,124.5) | < 0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 69.0 (30.0,267.0) | 66.5 (29.0,265.6) | 82.5(33.5,281.0) | 0.074 |
| Bicarbonate (mEq/L) | 21.0 (18.5,24.0) | 21.5 (18.5,24.0) | 20.0 (16.5,23.0) | < 0.001 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 138.0 (135.0,140.5) | 138.0 (135.0,140.5) | 138.0 (133.5,141.5) | 0.984 |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.1 (3.7,4.6) | 4.1 (3.7,4.5) | 4.2 (3.8,4.8) | < 0.001 |
| Chloride (mEq/L) | 104.5 (100.5,108.5) | 104.5 (101.0,108.0) | 103.5 (98.0,108.5) | 0.004 |
| Aniongap(mEq/L) | 15.0 (13.0,17.5) | 14.5 (12.5,17.0) | 16.5 (14.0,20.0) | < 0.001 |
| LDL(mg/dL) | 94.0 (68.0,123.0) | 92.0 (67.5,120.0) | 99.0 (71.0,132.0) | 0.008 |
| HDL(mg/dL) | 49.0 (36.0,63.0) | 50.0 (36.0,64.0) | 45.0 (35.0,61.0) | < 0.001 |
| TYG | 9.0 (8.6,9.5) | 8.9 (8.5,9.4) | 9.3 (9.0,9.7) | < 0.001 |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Mean SBP,mmHg | 108.0(100.7,117.0) | 108.4 (101.2,117.4) | 106.1 (99.0,114.7) | < 0.001 |
| Mean DBP,mmHg | 60.4 (54.2,66.6) | 61.0 (54.8,66.8) | 58.6 (52.2,64.6) | < 0.001 |
| Mean MBP,mmHg | 73.3 (68.1,79.6) | 73.7 (69.0,80.0) | 71.6 (66.4,77.5) | < 0.001 |
| Mean heart rate,bpm | 92.3 (80.0,105.2) | 91.7 (79.5,104.5) | 94.7 (82.1,108.2) | 0.043 |
| Mean respiratory rate, times/min | 21.0 (18.2,24.2) | 20.8 (18.0,24.0) | 21.5 (18.6,25.0) | 0.019 |
| Statin, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| NO | 1290 (58.3) | 931 (55.9) | 359 (65.4) | |
| YES | 923 (41.7) | 733 (44.1) | 190 (34.6) | |
| Insulin, n (%) | 0.206 | |||
| NO | 1116 (50.4) | 852 (51.2) | 264 (48.1) | |
| YES | 1097 (49.6) | 812 (48.8) | 285 (51.9) | |
| Septic Shock, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| NO | 914 (41.3) | 777 (85.0) | 137 (15.0) | |
| YES | 1299 (58.7) | 887 (68.3) | 412 (31.7) | |
| Score | ||||
| SOFA | 8.0 (4.0,11.0) | 7.0 (4.0,10.0) | 10.0 (7.0,14.0) | < 0.001 |
| GCS | 13.0 (8.0,15.0) | 14.0 (10.0,15.0) | 10.0 (5.0,14.0) | < 0.001 |
| Charlson’s comorbidity index | 5.0 (4.0,7.0) | 5.0 (3.0,7.0) | 7.0 (5.0,9.0) | < 0.001 |
Continuous and ordinal variables were expressed as medians (with interquartile range), and categorical variables as absolute counts (with percentage), LOS Length of Stay, BUN blood urea nitrogen, ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, TYG Triglyceride Glucose index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, MBP mean blood pressure, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale