Table 1.
Characteristics of patients who underwent colorectal surgery during the study interval
| Characteristics | Baseline group | Bundle-1 | Bundle-2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colorectal surgery | ||||
| Number of procedures | 18 664 | 3908 | 9633 | |
| Sex | 0.125 | |||
| Male | 11 345 | 2316 | 5772 | |
| Female | 7319 | 1592 | 3861 | |
| Age (years), median (i.q.r.) | 69.79 (60.90–78.32) | 68.52 (60.97–77.26) | 71.08 (61.84–79.05) | <0.001 |
| Duration of intervention (min), median (i.q.r.) | 165 (120–218) | 164 (125–214) | 176 (135–230) | <0.001 |
| Clean-contaminated wound | 18 038 (96.6) | 3857 (98.7) | 9544 (99.1) | <0.001 |
| NISS > = 1 | 6263 (33.6) | 929 (23.8) | 2823 (29.3) | <0.001 |
| ASA classification | <0.001 | |||
| I | 1045 (5.6) | 221 (5.7) | 413 (4.3) | |
| II | 10 333 (55.4) | 2260 (57.8) | 5241 (54.4) | |
| III | 6837 (36.6) | 1378 (35.3) | 3804 (39.5) | |
| IV | 449 (2.4) | 49 (1.3) | 175 (1.8) | |
| MIS | 10 986 (58.9) | 2941 (75.3) | 7760 (80.6) | <0.001 |
| Adequate i.v. antibiotic prophylaxis | 16 266 (87.2) | 3187 (81.6) | 8218 (85.3) | <0.001 |
| Colon surgery | ||||
| Number of procedures | 13 112 | 2834 | 7329 | |
| Sex | 0.095 | |||
| Male | 7753 | 1615 | 4278 | |
| Female | 5359 | 1219 | 3051 | |
| Age (years), median (i.q.r.) | 70.16 (61.20–78.66) | 69.22 (61.62–77.94) | 71.71 (62.39–79.27) | <0.001 |
| Duration of intervention (min), median (i.q.r.) | 150 (115–195) | 151 (120–193) | 165 (129–210) | <0.001 |
| Clean-contaminated wound | 12 737 (97.1) | 2806 (99.0) | 7289 (99.5) | <0.001 |
| NISS > = 1 | 4452 (34.0) | 671 (23.7) | 2203 (30.1) | <0.001 |
| ASA classification | <0.001 | |||
| I | 734 (5.6) | 161 (5.7) | 314 (4.3) | |
| II | 7171 (54.7) | 1621 (57.2) | 3960 (54.0) | |
| III | 4861 (37.1) | 1019 (36.0) | 2906 (39.7) | |
| IV | 346 (2.6) | 33 (1.2) | 149 (2.0) | |
| MIS | 7723 (58.9) | 2141 (75.5) | 5827 (79.5) | <0.001 |
| Adequate i.v. antibiotic prophylaxis | 11 476 (87.5) | 2322 (81.9) | 6254 (85.3) | <0.001 |
| Rectal surgery | ||||
| Number of procedures | 5552 | 1074 | 2304 | |
| Sex | 0.936 | |||
| Male | 3592 | 701 | 1494 | |
| Female | 1960 | 373 | 812 | |
| Age (years), median (i.q.r.) | 68.86 (60.31–77.35) | 66.77 (59.18–75.17) | 69.43 (60.27–78.13) | <0.001 |
| Duration of intervention (min), median (i.q.r.) | 205 (150–265) | 205 (160–262) | 220 (170–275) | <0.001 |
| Clean-contaminated wound | 5301 (95.5) | 1051 (97.9) | 2255 (97.9) | <0.001 |
| NISS > = 1 | 1811 (32.6) | 258 (24.0) | 620 (26.9) | <0.001 |
| ASA classification | 0.002 | |||
| I | 311 (5.6) | 60 (5.6) | 99 (4.3) | |
| II | 3162 (57.0) | 639 (59.5) | 1281 (55.6) | |
| III | 1976 (35.6) | 359 (33.4) | 898 (39.0) | |
| IV | 103 (1.9) | 16 (1.5) | 26 (1.1) | |
| MIS | 3263 (58.8) | 800 (74.5) | 1933 (83.9) | <0.001 |
| Adequate i.v. antibiotic prophylaxis | 4790 (86.3) | 865 (80.5) | 1964 (85.2) | <0.001 |
Values are n (%) unless otherwise indicated. i.q.r., interquartile range; NNIS, National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance risk index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists surgical risk score; i.v., intravenous; MIS, minimally invasive surgery.