Table 3.

Effect of the individual preventive measures contained in the bundles on overall SSI rates

	Univariate		Multivariate
Bundle measures	OR (95% c.i.)	P	OR (95% c.i.)	P
Colorectal surgery
Adequate antibiotic prophylaxis	0.90 (0.83 to 0.98)	0.012	0.91 (0.83 to 0.99)	0.022
Minimally invasive surgery	0.53 (0.49 to 0.56)	<0.001	0.62 (0.58 to 0.66)	<0.001
Oral antibiotic prophylaxis	0.41 (0.38 to 0.44)	<0.001	0.68 (0.59 to 0.79)	<0.001
Mechanical bowel preparation	0.44 (0.40 to 0.47)	<0.001	0.92 (0.80 to 1.06)	0.237
Double-ring wound retractor	0.41 (0.38 to 0.45)	<0.001	0.70 (0.63 to 0.79)	<0.001
Maintenance of normothermia	0.45 (0.42 to 0.48)	<0.001	0.95 (0.82 to 1.08)	0.430
Adequate hair removal	0.54 (0.48 to 0.61)	<0.001	1.14 (0.99 to 1.31)	0.074
2% chlorhexidine in alcohol	0.43 (0.39 to 0.47)	<0.001	0.75 (0.65 to 0.86)	<0.001
Glycaemic control	0.47 (0.43 to 0.52)	<0.001	0.95 (0.83 to 1.08)	0.418
Changing of surgical instruments	0.58 (0.42 to 0.77)	<0.001	1.20 (0.87 to 1.63)	0.243
Colon surgery
Adequate antibiotic prophylaxis	0.88 (0.80 to 0.98)	0.018	0.88 (0.80 to 0.98)	0.021
Minimally invasive surgery	0.48 (0.44 to 0.51)	<0.001	0.56 (0.52 to 0.61)	<0.001
Oral antibiotic prophylaxis	0.34 (0.31 to 0.38)	<0.001	0.58 (0.49 to 0.68)	<0.001
Mechanical bowel preparation	0.38 (0.34 to 0.42)	<0.001	0.85 (0.72 to 1.01)	0.061
Double-ring wound retractor	0.40 (0.36 to 0.44)	<0.001	0.79 (0.68 to 0.91)	0.002
Maintenance of normothermia	0.43 (0.39 to 0.47)	<0.001	0.96 (0.81 to 1.13)	0.606
Adequate hair removal	0.51 (0.44 to 0.59)	<0.001	1.07 (0.90 to 1.27)	0.446
2% chlorhexidine in alcohol	0.42 (0.38 to 0.47)	<0.001	0.80 (0.67 to 0.95)	0.011
Glycaemic control	0.45 (0.40 to 0.51)	<0.001	0.92 (0.78 to 1.09)	0.336
Changing of surgical instruments	0.62 (0.43 to 0.86)	0.006	1.28 (0.88 to 1.81)	0.172
Rectal surgery
Adequate antibiotic prophylaxis	0.95 (0.82 to 1.09)	0.449	0.95 (0.83 to 1.11)	0.532
Minimally invasive surgery	0.63 (0.57 to 0.71)	<0.001	0.72 (0.64 to 0.81)	<0.001
Oral antibiotic prophylaxis	0.55 (0.48 to 0.62)	<0.001	0.96 (0.73 to 1.27)	0.757
Mechanical bowel preparation	0.53 (0.47 to 0.61)	<0.001	0.83 (0.63 to 1.10)	0.191
Double-ring wound retractor	0.49 (0.42 to 0.57)	<0.001	0.72 (0.59 to 0.88)	0.002
Maintenance of normothermia	0.53 (0.46 to 0.60)	<0.001	0.88 (0.70 to 1.12)	0.310
Adequate hair removal	0.63 (0.52 to 0.77)	<0.001	1.18 (0.93 to 1.49)	0.181
2% chlorhexidine in alcohol	0.50 (0.43 to 0.59)	<0.001	0.76 (0.61 to 0.96)	0.020
Glycaemic control	0.56 (0.47 to 0.67)	<0.001	0.99 (0.79 to 1.25)	0.962
Changing of surgical instruments	0.55 (0.28 to 0.98)	0.062	0.97 (0.48 to 1.78)	0.931

OR, odds ratio; SSI, surgical site infection.