Table 4.

Effect of the individual preventive measures contained in the bundles on O/S-SSI rates

	Univariate		Multivariate
Bundle measures	OR (95% c.i.)	P	OR (95% c.i.)	P
Colorectal surgery
Adequate antibiotic prophylaxis	0.89 (0.80 to 1.00)	0.046	0.90 (0.81 to 1.01)	0.061
Minimally invasive surgery	0.69 (0.63 to 0.75)	<0.001	0.78 (0.72 to 0.85)	<0.001
Oral antibiotic prophylaxis	0.53 (0.47 to 0.58)	<0.001	0.82 (0.68 to 0.98)	0.029
Mechanical bowel preparation	0.53 (0.48 to 0.59)	<0.001	0.82 (0.69 to 0.99)	0.036
Double-ring wound retractor	0.54 (0.49 to 0.60)	<0.001	0.82 (0.71 to 0.95)	0.010
Maintenance of normothermia	0.56 (0.51 to 0.61)	<0.001	0.98 (0.82 to 1.16)	0.789
Adequate hair removal	0.65 (0.56 to 0.75)	<0.001	1.13 (0.94 to 1.35)	0.177
2% chlorhexidine in alcohol	0.53 (0.48 to 0.60)	<0.001	0.78 (0.66 to 0.93)	0.006
Glycaemic control	0.58 (0.51 to 0.65)	<0.001	0.94 (0.79 to 1.12)	0.501
Changing of surgical instruments	0.61 (0.40 to 0.89)	0.016	1.00 (0.64 to 1.48)	0.992
Colon surgery
Adequate antibiotic prophylaxis	0.88 (0.76 to 1.01)	0.062	0.88 (0.77 to 1.01)	0.067
Minimally invasive surgery	0.60 (0.54 to 0.67)	<0.001	0.69 (0.62 to 0.77)	<0.001
Oral antibiotic prophylaxis	0.46 (0.40 to 0.53)	<0.001	0.74 (0.60 to 0.93)	0.008
Mechanical bowel preparation	0.46 (0.40 to 0.52)	<0.001	0.73 (0.59 to 0.91)	0.005
Double-ring wound retractor	0.53 (0.47 to 0.60)	<0.001	0.94 (0.78 to 1.14)	0.516
Maintenance of normothermia	0.53 (0.47 to 0.60)	<0.001	0.96 (0.77 to 1.20)	0.749
Adequate hair removal	0.61 (0.51 to 0.73)	<0.001	1.07 (0.86 to 1.34)	0.536
2% chlorhexidine in alcohol	0.52 (0.45 to 0.60)	<0.001	0.85 (0.68 to 1.07)	0.164
Glycaemic control	0.54 (0.46 to 0.63)	<0.001	0.86 (0.69 to 1.07)	0.178
Changing of surgical instruments	0.76 (0.48 to 1.14)	0.217	1.26 (0.78 to 1.93)	0.313
Rectal surgery
Adequate antibiotic prophylaxis	0.94 (0.78 to 1.14)	0.518	0.95 (0.79 to 1.15)	0.574
Minimally invasive surgery	0.87 (0.76 to 1.01)	0.066	0.96 (0.83 to 1.12)	0.624
Oral antibiotic prophylaxis	0.66 (0.55 to 0.77)	<0.001	0.95 (0.67 to 1.35)	0.768
Mechanical bowel preparation	0.65 (0.55 to 0.76)	<0.001	0.82 (0.57 to 1.16)	0.268
Double-ring wound retractor	0.63 (0.52 to 0.76)	<0.001	0.84 (0.66 to 1.09)	0.189
Maintenance of normothermia	0.66 (0.56 to 0.77)	<0.001	0.95 (0.70 to 1.28)	0.729
Adequate hair removal	0.77 (0.60 to 0.97)	0.031	1.14 (0.85 to 1.53)	0.378
2% chlorhexidine in alcohol	0.62 (0.51 to 0.76)	<0.001	0.77 (0.58 to 1.02)	0.069
Glycaemic control	0.72 (0.58 to 0.88)	0.002	1.10 (0.83 to 1.47)	0.498
Changing of surgical instruments	0.28 (0.07 to 0.75)	0.030	0.39 (0.09 to 1.05)	0.110

OR, odds ratio; O/S-SSI, organ-space surgical site infection.