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. 2024 Jun 27;27(8):1468–1474. doi: 10.1038/s41593-024-01682-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 8 — a, Representative image showing B2M⁺ (green) IBA1⁺ cells (grey) in the cortex of WT and 5xFAD mice aged 4 and 10 months. Plaques are stained with Methoxy-X04 (MX04, red). Scale bar, 10 µm. Quantifications indicate the percentage of IBA1⁺ cells also positive for B2M. Statistical significance was determined for n = 3 animals using unpaired two-sided Student’s t-test (WT 4 m, 5xFAD 4 m, *p = 0.023; WT 10 m, 5xFAD 10 m, *p = 0.011). b, Representative image showing ISG15⁺ (green) IBA1⁺ cells (grey) in the cortex of WT and 5xFAD mice aged 4 and 10 months. Plaques are stained with Methoxy-X04 (MX04, red). Scale bar, 10 µm. Quantifications indicate the percentage of IBA1⁺ cells also positive for ISG15. Statistical significance was determined for n = 3 animals using unpaired two-sided Student’s t-test (WT 4 m, 5xFAD 4 m, **p = 0.006; WT 10 m, 5xFAD 10 m, ***p = 0.0001). c, Representative image showing MHCII⁺ (green) STAT1⁺ (magenta) IBA1⁺ (green) cells. Plaques are stained with Methoxy-X04 (MX04, red). Scale bar, 10 µm. Pie chart shows mean percentage of MHCII⁺ IBA1⁺ cells positive or negative for STAT1 for n = 3 animals. d, Representative image showing primary microglia cultures treated with control (PBS), 1 ng/µL IFNγ and 1 ng/µL IFNγ with 1 µM baricitinib. Scale bar, 10 µm. Quantifications indicate the percentage of IBA1⁺ cells (green) also positive for MHCII (red). Statistical significance was determined for n = 3-4 biological replicates by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (control, IFNγ, *p = 0.036; IFNγ, IFNγ+baricitinib, *p = 0.040). e, Representative image of old 24-month old mice injected with PBS (control) and 10 ng IFNγ. Scale bar, 10 µm. Quantifications indicate the percentage of IBA1⁺ cells (green) also positive for MHCII (red). Statistical significance was determined for n = 3 animals using unpaired two-sided Student’s t-test (control, IFNγ, ***p = 0.0002). Each point on the graph represents one animal. Data is presented as mean ± SEM.

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