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. 2024 Jun 27;27(8):1468–1474. doi: 10.1038/s41593-024-01682-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 5 — a, Representative image showing CD8⁺ T cells (green) in the cortex of APP-NLGF mice. Scale bar, 10 µm. Quantifications indicate the number of CD8⁺ T cells in the cortex of WT, APP-NLGF and APP-NLGF X RAG1KO mice aged 12 months. Statistical significance was determined for n = 3-4 animals by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (WT, APP-NLGF, *p = 0.0326; APP-NLGF, APP-NLGF X RAG1KO, *p = 0.032). b, Representative scanning electron microscopy images of the cortex of WT, APP-NLGF and APP-NLGF X RAG1KO mice aged 12 months. Myelin abnormalities are shown in green. Scale bar, 1 µm. Quantifications indicate total percentage of myelinated axons with myelin abnormalities. Statistical significance was determined for n = 3 animals by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (WT, APP-NLGF, **p = 0.001; APP-NLGF, APP-NLGF X RAG1KO, **p = 0.004). c, Representative image of BCAS1⁺ (green) swellings lacking a nucleus (stained with DAPI) in the cortex of WT, APP-NLGF and APP-NLGF X RAG1KO mice aged 12 months. Scale bar, 10 µm. d, Representative image showing EdU⁺ (grey) OLIG2⁺ (green) cells in the cortex of WT, APP-NLGF and APP-NLGF X RAG1KO mice aged 12 months. Plaques are stained with Thiazine Red (ThR, red). Scale bar, 10 µm. e, Representative image showing MHCII⁺ (green) IBA1⁺ (grey) cells in the cortex of WT, APP-NLGF and APP-NLGF X RAG1KO mice aged 12 months. Scale bar, 10 µm. f, Quantifications indicate the number of BCAS1 swellings (WT, APP-NLGF, ***p = 0.0008; APP-NLGF, APP-NLGF X RAG1KO, *p = 0.0154), percentage of IBA1⁺ cells positive for MHCII (WT, APP-NLGF, ***p = 0.0004; APP-NLGF, APP-NLGF X RAG1KO, ***p = 0.0008), percentage of OLIG2⁺ cells also positive for EdU (WT, APP-NLGF, **p = 0.0015; APP-NLGF, APP-NLGF X RAG1KO, *p = 0.0230). Statistical significance was determined for n = 3 animals by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Each point on the graph represents one animal. Data is presented as mean ± SEM.

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