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. 2024 Aug 6;14:18245. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-69097-w

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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(a) Snapshots of the images after tone adjustment captured at the Amaharashi coast (provided by the Takaoka cable network). The red circle indicates the position of water surface extraction. At this location, it is possible to clearly extract the boundary between the rocks and the water surface. (b) Water surface fluctuations at each frame extracted from the images. The vertical axis indicates the pixel position of the water level from the bottom of the image. The blue dots represent values smoothed with a moving average of 30 frames. The red line represents a guide curve obtained by smoothing the values of the blue dots with a 30-s moving average. The spike at 9 min is due to the influence of aftershock shaking on the video frame.