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. 2024 Aug 6;15:6691. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-50923-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a Surface deviation and deviation distribution between manufactured and theoretical holograms. b Pressure patterns obtained via finite element analysis for the theoretical hologram (b-left) and scanned manufactured hologram (b-right). c Image and printing resolution investigation by changing OD and f₀, a theoretical mandala image (c-center) is constructed in low resolution (c-left) by OD = 25 mm, f₀ = 1.5 MHz and high resolution (c-right) by OD = 64 mm, f₀ = 4.5 MHz. d, e Correlation and NMSE with respect to OD and f₀ for the theoretical mandala image (c-center). f The image plane location, Z_target, and its effect on Correlation and NMSE.