Table 2.

Scales’ quality assessment based on COSMIN and GRADE criteria

	content validity	structural validity	internal consistency	cross-cultural validity	measurement invariance	reliability	measurement error	construct validity	responsiveness
AI literacy test32	++	++++	++++	?	?	?	?	++++	?
AI-CI33	+++	+++	++++	?	?	?	?	?	++++
AILQ35	+++	++++	++++	?	?	?	?	?	+
AILS36,46,47	+	++++	++++	?	?	++	?	++++	?
AISES31	?	++++	++++	?	?	?	?	?	?
Chan & Zhou’s EVT based instrument (knwl. of gen. AI subscale)37	?	++++	++++	?	?	?	?	?	?
ChatGPT literacy scale38	+++	++++	++++	?	?	?	?	++++	?
GSE-6AI30	?	++++	++++	?	++++	?	?	?	?
Hwang et al.’s instrument39	?	++++	++++	?	?	?	?	?	?
Intelligent TPACK40	?	++++	++++	?	?	?	?	?	?
Kim & Lee’s instrument41	++	++++	++++	?	?	?	?	++++	?
MAILS42	?	++++	++++	?	?	?	?	++++	?
MAIRS-MC43,48	++	++++	++++	?	++++	?	?	?	?
Pinski & Belian’s instrument44	+	+	+++	?	?	?	?	?	?
SAIL4ALL true/false format34	?	±	±	?	?	?	?	++++	?
SAIL4ALL Likert scale format34	?	±	±	?	?	?	?	++++	?
SNAIL45,49–51	?	++++	++++	?	?	+	?	++++	++