Table 5. Details of issues raised during FGDs.
| Issues / No. issues per FGD (count) | FGD1.1 | FGD1.2 | FGD1.3 | FGD1.4 | Blantyre | FGD2.1 | FGD2.2 | FGD2.3 | FGD2.4 | FGD2.5 | Lilongwe | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Clinical Case
Definitions Knowledge and Applications |
Challenges in recording underlying conditions | 3% | 16% | 15% | 9% | 43% | 18% | 19% | 9% | 9% | 1% | 57% | 100% | |
| Challenges in recording symptoms | 0% | 10% | 15% | 5% | 29% | 39% | 20% | 5% | 0% | 7% | 71% | 100% | ||
| Subtotal | 2% | 14% | 15% | 7% | 38% | 26% | 19% | 7% | 6% | 4% | 62% | 100% | ||
| Form Structure and Elements | Challenges in recording demographic data | 12% | 19% | 23% | 7% | 61% | 2% | 19% | 14% | 4% | 0% | 39% | 100% | |
| Length, fields order, layout and font size issues | 10% | 31% | 13% | 13% | 67% | 8% | 2% | 10% | 6% | 6% | 33% | 100% | ||
| Fields unclear how to fill in | 18% | 21% | 26% | 6% | 71% | 0% | 6% | 0% | 12% | 12% | 29% | 100% | ||
| Client unwillingness to give information | 0% | 14% | 18% | 11% | 43% | 14% | 29% | 7% | 7% | 0% | 57% | 100% | ||
| Vaccination data issues | 20% | 4% | 12% | 12% | 48% | 8% | 16% | 8% | 16% | 4% | 52% | 100% | ||
| Fields did not correspond to processes | 13% | 8% | 21% | 8% | 50% | 0% | 21% | 0% | 13% | 17% | 50% | 100% | ||
| Addendum on how to fill in the form not provided | 5% | 16% | 16% | 11% | 47% | 11% | 21% | 11% | 11% | 0% | 53% | 100% | ||
| Fields with inadequate options | 11% | 26% | 16% | 11% | 63% | 0% | 21% | 0% | 11% | 5% | 37% | 100% | ||
| Ambiguous wording and lack of guidance | 6% | 39% | 6% | 0% | 50% | 6% | 6% | 11% | 0% | 28% | 50% | 100% | ||
| Timeline of the form | 15% | 15% | 15% | 0% | 46% | 0% | 31% | 0% | 15% | 8% | 54% | 100% | ||
| Unfamiliar abbreviations or terms | 8% | 42% | 25% | 0% | 75% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 25% | 25% | 100% | ||
| Case outcome and test results | 18% | 0% | 18% | 9% | 45% | 0% | 27% | 0% | 18% | 9% | 55% | 100% | ||
| Repetitive fields | 0% | 29% | 0% | 14% | 43% | 0% | 0% | 43% | 14% | 0% | 57% | 100% | ||
| Logical connection between fields | 0% | 40% | 0% | 0% | 40% | 0% | 20% | 20% | 20% | 0% | 60% | 100% | ||
| Subtotal | 11% | 21% | 17% | 8% | 57% | 4% | 15% | 8% | 9% | 7% | 43% | 100% | ||
| Language Issues | 0% | 5% | 5% | 0% | 10% | 45% | 25% | 10% | 0% | 10% | 90% | 100% | ||
|
Privacy, Ethical, Cultural
Considerations |
Privacy and inadequate space | 0% | 0% | 12% | 6% | 18% | 0% | 47% | 24% | 0% | 12% | 82% | 100% | |
| Rumours, misconceptions and myths | 10% | 20% | 30% | 0% | 60% | 20% | 20% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 40% | 100% | ||
| Sensitive questions | 10% | 20% | 10% | 10% | 50% | 0% | 20% | 10% | 0% | 20% | 50% | 100% | ||
| Consent Issues | 0% | 0% | 0% | 33% | 33% | 33% | 0% | 0% | 33% | 0% | 67% | 100% | ||
| Fear of stigma | 33% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 33% | 0% | 67% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 67% | 100% | ||
| Cultural concerns (e.g. burial traditions) | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 100% | 100% | ||
| Subtotal | 7% | 9% | 14% | 7% | 36% | 9% | 32% | 11% | 2% | 9% | 64% | 100% | ||
| Process Challenges |
Process
Ambiguity (97) |
Issues in transmission of test results | 20% | 7% | 9% | 7% | 43% | 2% | 27% | 0% | 16% | 11% | 57% | 100% |
| Issues in contact tracing | 17% | 21% | 28% | 7% | 72% | 0% | 17% | 7% | 0% | 3% | 28% | 100% | ||
| Process ambiguity (other) | 0% | 17% | 0% | 17% | 35% | 0% | 43% | 9% | 13% | 0% | 65% | 100% | ||
| Form inadequate to capture reinfection | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 100% | 100% | 100% | ||
| Reporting / transmission / linkage with national
systems |
14% | 10% | 8% | 19% | 51% | 0% | 15% | 7% | 4% | 22% | 49% | 100% | ||
| Challenges in work coordination among cadres | 19% | 11% | 9% | 5% | 44% | 4% | 11% | 21% | 9% | 12% | 56% | 100% | ||
| Data quality issues due to workload or time
constraints |
14% | 19% | 10% | 7% | 50% | 2% | 7% | 2% | 10% | 29% | 50% | 100% | ||
| Logistics and Resource Constraints | 12% | 12% | 12% | 19% | 54% | 8% | 8% | 12% | 4% | 15% | 46% | 100% | ||
| Use of three copies of the form | 0% | 0% | 67% | 33% | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 100% | ||
| Subtotal | 15% | 12% | 11% | 12% | 50% | 2% | 16% | 8% | 8% | 15% | 50% | 100% | ||
| Training Issues | Inadequate or lack of training (145) | Inadequate or lack of training | 10% | 23% | 15% | 8% | 56% | 11% | 8% | 7% | 5% | 13% | 44% | 100% |
| Value of multidisciplinary teams | 26% | 5% | 21% | 11% | 63% | 0% | 0% | 11% | 5% | 21% | 37% | 100% | ||
| On the job training | 14% | 0% | 0% | 21% | 36% | 14% | 14% | 0% | 7% | 29% | 64% | 100% | ||
| Use of intuition when filling in data | 13% | 38% | 0% | 0% | 50% | 0% | 13% | 13% | 13% | 13% | 50% | 100% | ||
| Training on case definitions | 0% | 0% | 50% | 0% | 50% | 33% | 17% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 50% | 100% | ||
| Lack of understanding how the data will be analysed | 17% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 17% | 50% | 33% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 83% | 100% | ||
| Data entry / transcription issues | 0% | 33% | 0% | 0% | 33% | 0% | 33% | 0% | 0% | 33% | 67% | 100% | ||
| Use of shortcuts | 50% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 50% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 50% | 50% | 100% | ||
| Subtotal | 12% | 17% | 14% | 8% | 52% | 11% | 10% | 6% | 5% | 16% | 48% | 100% | ||
| Misconceptions / attitudes about the data
collected |
6% | 17% | 6% | 6% | 33% | 33% | 17% | 6% | 11% | 0% | 67% | 100% | ||
| Questions that could not be answered by patients | 18% | 12% | 18% | 12% | 59% | 6% | 12% | 6% | 12% | 6% | 41% | 100% | ||
| Incorrect data capturing of key demographics
information |
0% | 14% | 0% | 0% | 14% | 0% | 43% | 14% | 0% | 29% | 86% | 100% | ||
| Other training issues | 50% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 50% | 50% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 50% | 100% | ||
| Subtotal | 12% | 16% | 13% | 8% | 49% | 13% | 12% | 6% | 6% | 14% | 51% | 100% | ||
| Total | 11% | 16% | 14% | 9% | 49% | 9% | 16% | 8% | 7% | 11% | 51% | 100% | ||