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. 2024 May 31;11(29):2400533. doi: 10.1002/advs.202400533

Figure 3.

Figure 3

A) Scheme of SiMoA beads functionalization by a combination of antibodies directed against CD9/CD63/CD81 tetraspanin (Tetra Beads) and by MSP (MSP beads). Both bead types were used in a pan‐tetraspanin detection of EVs from plasma samples. B) Average Enzyme per Bead (AEB) signal obtained using Tetra beads and MSP beads in a SiMoA three‐step assay of serial dilutions (from 1:50 to 1:2000) of a pool of plasma from healthy donors. C) Assay designed to assess possible non‐specific interaction of lipoproteins onto SiMoA MSP beads (Left panel). A three‐step assay for plasma (dilution 1:100) EV analysis was performed using either CD9/CD63/CD81, anti‐Apolipoprotein A, or Apolipoprotein A as detector antibodies. The obtained AEB signals (right panel) show negligible interaction of MSP beads with lipoproteins in comparison with the signal obtained for tetraspanin (logarithmic scale). Notably, signals for lipoprotein interaction are similar to those obtained with control beads (non‐functionalized).