Table 3. Clinical trials targeting the bone marrow niche modification during acute myeloid leukemia.
| No. | Inhibitors | Intervention/treatment | Patient population | ClinicalTrials.gov ID | Phase |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | CXCR4 inhibitors | Plerixafor + daunorubicin/cytarabine | Untreated, 18–70 years | NCT00990054 | I |
| Plerixafor + daunorubicin/clofarabine and daunorubicin/cytarabine | Untreated, 60 years and older | NCT01236144 | I | ||
| Plerixafor + G-CSF, mitoxantrone/etoposide/cytarabine | Relapsed/refractory, 18 years and older | NCT00906945 | I | ||
| Plerixafor + decitabine | Untreated, 60 years and older | NCT01352650 | I | ||
| Plerixafor + cytarabine/etoposide | Relapsed/refractory, 3–30 years | NCT01319864 | I | ||
| Ulocuplumab + mitoxantrone/etoposide/cytarabine | Relapsed/refractory, 18 years and older | NCT01120457 | I | ||
| CX-01 + idarubicin/cytarabine | Untreated, 18–80 years | NCT02056782 | I | ||
| Plerixafor + mitoxantrone/etoposide/cytarabine | Relapsed/refractory | NCT00512252 | I/II | ||
| Plerixafor + clofarabine | Untreated, 60 years and older | NCT01160354 | I/II | ||
| Plerixafor + fludarabine/idarubicin/cyarabine/G-CSF | Second-line induction, up to 65 years | NCT01435343 | I/II | ||
| Plerixafor + busulfan/fludarabine/thymoglobulin | Allogeneic stem cell transplantation, 18–65 years | NCT00822770 | I/II | ||
| BL-8040 (BKT140) + cytarabine | Relapsed/refractory, 18–75 years | NCT01838395 | IIa | ||
| 2. | VLA-4 inhibitor | AS101 + chemotherapy | Untreated, 60 years and older | NCT01010373 | II |
| 3. | E-selectin inhibitor | GMI-1271 (uproleselan) + chemotherapy | Relapsed/refractory, 18–60 years | NCT04839341 | I |
| GMI-1271 + fludarabine + cytarabine | Relapsed/refractory, up to 17 years | NCT05146739 | I | ||
| GMI-1271 + mitoxantrone/etoposide/cytarabine | Relapsed/refractory or untreated, 60 years and older | NCT02306291 | I/II | ||
| GMI-1271 + chemotherapy | Relapsed/refractory, 18 years and older | NCT02306291 | I/II | ||
| GMI-1271 + chemotherapy | Relapsed/refractory, 18–75 years | NCT05054543 and NCT03616470 | III | ||
| 4. | Hypoxia-activated agents | TH-302 | Relapsed/refractory, 18 years and older | NCT01149915 | I |
| 5. | Cholesterol synthesis inhibitor | Pravastatin + idarubicin + cytarabine | Untreated, 18–74 years | NCT01831232 | NA |
| Pravastatin + idarubicin + cytarabine | Untreated and relapsed/refractory, 18 years and older | NCT00107523 | I | ||
| Atorvastatin | Relapsed/refractory, 18 years and older | NCT03560882 | I | ||
| Pitavastatin + venetoclax/azacytidine/decitabine | Relapsed/refractory, 18 years and older | NCT04512105 | I | ||
| Pravastatin + cyclosporine + etopside/mitoxantrone | Relapsed/refractory, 18 years and older | NCT01342887 | I/II | ||
| Lovastatin + cytarabine | Relapsed/refractory, 18–99 years | NCT00583102 | I/II | ||
| Pravastatin + idarubicin + cytarabine | Relapsed/refractory, 18 years and older | NCT00840177 | II |
G-CSF, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor.