TABLE III.
Potential biomarkers reported to strongly and significantly correlate with clinical severity indices of AD (correlation coefficient ≥0.4, P < .05)
Biomarker (no. of publications) | Serum | Skin | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author | Lab method | Corr method | Year | Cohort (n) | Author | Lab method | Corr method | Year | Cohort (n) | |
CCL17/TARC (>20) | Kakinuma et al20 | E | S | 2001 | 40 | Morita et al21* (LS-TS) | IF | S | 2010 | 33 |
Horikawa et al22 | E | P | 2002 | 52 | McAleer et al23† (NL-TS) | ECL | S | 2019 | 66 | |
Fujisawa et al24 | E | S | 2002 | 29 | He et al25 (LS-B) | PCR | P | 2020 | 61 | |
Leung et al26† | E | S | 2003 | 20 | ||||||
Hijnen et al27‡ | E | S | 2004 | 177 | ||||||
Jahnz-Rozyk et al28 | E | P | 2005 | 43 | ||||||
Song et al29† | E | S | 2006 | 157 | ||||||
Nakazato et al30† | E | S | 2008 | 34 | ||||||
Fujisawa et al31† | E | S | 2009 | 27 | ||||||
van Velsen et al32† | E | P/S | 2010 | 60 | ||||||
Morita et al21 | E | S | 2010 | 33 | ||||||
Kou et al13 | E | S | 2012 | 121 | ||||||
Machura et al33† | E | S | 2012 | 26 | ||||||
Furue et al34§ | E | S | 2012 | 61 | ||||||
Mizawa et al14 | NA | S | 2013 | 30 | ||||||
Kataoka35∥ | NA | NA | 2014 | 96 | ||||||
Landheer et al36‡ | E | S | 2014 | 320 | ||||||
Ahrens et al37† | E | S | 2015 | 128 | ||||||
Gu et al38 | E | S | 2015 | 73 | ||||||
Hulshof et al39† | L | S | 2018 | 41 | ||||||
CCL22/MDC (>10) | Kakinuma et al40 | E | S | 2002 | 45 | Tintle et al41 | PCR | S | 2011 | 12 |
Fujisawa et al24 | E | S | 2002 | 29 | Suarez-Farinas et al42 (LS/NL-B) | PCR | S | 2011 | 15 | |
Leung et al26† | E | S | 2003 | 20 | Wen et al43 (NL-B) | PCR | P | 2018 | 12 | |
Jahnz-Rozyk et al28 | E | P | 2005 | 43 | ||||||
Gunther et al44 | E | P | 2005 | 36 | ||||||
Angelova-Fischer et al45 | E | P | 2006 | 21 | ||||||
Hashimoto et al46 | E¶ | NA | 2006 | 11 | ||||||
Nakazato et al30† | E | S | 2008 | 34 | ||||||
Wen et al43∥ | ECL | P | 2018 | 15 | ||||||
Brunner et al47†‡ | O | S | 2019 | 30 | ||||||
McAleer et al23† | ECL | S | 2019 | 47 | ||||||
IgE (>10) | Tsuboi et al48# | IRMA | P | 1998 | 17 | NA | ||||
Yoshizawa et al49 | NA | S | 2002 | 26 | ||||||
Kaminishi et al50# | FEIA | P | 2002 | 20 | ||||||
Jahnz-Rozyk et al28 | E | P | 2005 | 43 | ||||||
Aral et al51† | N | S | 2006 | 20 | ||||||
Salomon and Baran52 | E | P/S | 2008 | 49 | ||||||
Wu et al53† | F | P | 2011 | 48 | ||||||
Suarez-Farinas et al54 | E | P | 2013 | 42 | ||||||
Zedan et al55† | E | NA | 2015 | 50 | ||||||
Glatz et al56 | E | S | 2015 | 67 | ||||||
Rosinska-Wieckowicz et al57 | F | S | 2016 | 102 | ||||||
E | P | 2017 | 25 | |||||||
Ungar et al58# | E | P | 2018 | 15 | ||||||
Wen et al43 | E | S | 2019 | 15 | ||||||
Sanyal et al59 | ||||||||||
CCL22/MDC (>10) | Kakinuma et al40 | E | S | 2002 | 45 | Tintle et al41 | PCR | S | 2011 | 12 |
Fujisawa et al24 | E | S | 2002 | 29 | Suarez-Farinas et al42 (LS/NL-B) | PCR | S | 2011 | 15 | |
Leung et al26† | E | S | 2003 | 20 | Wen et al43 (NL-B) | PCR | P | 2018 | 12 | |
Jahnz-Rozyk et al28 | E | P | 2005 | 43 | ||||||
Gunther et al44 | E | P | 2005 | 36 | ||||||
Angelova-Fischer et al45 | E | P | 2006 | 21 | ||||||
Hashimoto et al46 | E# | NA | 2006 | 11 | ||||||
Nakazato et al30† | E | S | 2008 | 34 | ||||||
Wen et al43∥ | ECL | P | 2018 | 15 | ||||||
Brunner et al47†‡ | O | S | 2019 | 30 | ||||||
McAleer et al23† | ECL | S | 2019 | 47 | ||||||
Eosinophils/ECP (>10) | Mukai et al60 | C | NA | 1990 | 30 | NA | ||||
Czech et al19‡ | RIA | S | 1992 | 19 | ||||||
Kagi et al16 | RIA | S | 1992 | 37 | ||||||
Halmerbauer et al61† | RIA | K | 1997 | 20 | ||||||
Tsuboi et al48 | C | P | 1998 | 17 | ||||||
Yoshizawa et al49 | NA | S | 2002 | 26 | ||||||
Raap et al62† | IC | S | 2012 | 60 | ||||||
Kaminishi et al50 | C | P | 2002 | 20 | ||||||
Angelova-Fischer et al45 | FEIA | P | 2006 | 21 | ||||||
Morishima et al12 | C | S | 2010 | 58 | ||||||
Wu et al53† | FEIA | P | 2011 | 48 | ||||||
Ungar et al58 | C | P | 2017 | 25 | ||||||
Chen et al63 | NA | S | 2019 | 12 | ||||||
IL-22 (>5) | Nograles et al64 | F | LRA | 2009 | 12 | Tintle et al41 (LS-B)∥ | PCR | S | 2011 | 12 |
Ungar et al58 | EMD | P | 2017 | 25 | Suarez-Farinas et al42 (LS/NL-B) | PCR | S | 2011 | 12 | |
Esaki et al65†§ (LS-B) | PCR | P | 2016 | 19 | ||||||
Ungar et al58 (LS/NL-B) | PCR | P | 2017 | 25 | ||||||
Wen et al43 (NL-B)∥ | PCR | P | 2018 | 15 | ||||||
Sanyal et al59 (LS-B) | PCR | S | 2019 | 15 | ||||||
IL-13 (>5) | Koning et al66† | E | S | 1997 | 15 | Tintle et al41 (LS-B)∥ | PCR | S | 2011 | 12 |
Ungar et al58 | E | P | 2017 | 25 | Suarez-Farinas et al42 (LS-B) | PCR | S | 2011 | 12 | |
Szegedi et al67 (LS-ISF) | L | P/S | 2015 | 16 | ||||||
Wen et al43 (NL-B) | PCR | P | 2018 | 15 | ||||||
Guttman-Yassky et al68†** (LS-TS) | PCR | S | 2019 | 21 | ||||||
Sanyal et al59 (LS/NL-B) | PCR | S | 2019 | 15 | ||||||
He et al25 (LS-B) | PCR | P | 2020 | 61 | ||||||
IL-18 (>5) | Hon et al69† | E | S | 2004 | 19 | Inoue et al70 (LS/NL-TS) | E | S | 2011 | 95 |
Aral et al51† | E | S | 2006 | 20 | McAleer et al23*† (NL-TS) | ECL | S | 2019 | 66 | |
Park and Youn71 | NA | NA | 2007 | 65 | Pavel et al72 (LS-B) | O | S | 2020 | 20 | |
Kou et al13 | E | S | 2012 | 121 | ||||||
Zedan et al55† | E | NA | 2015 | 50 | ||||||
Suwarsa et al73 | E | P | 2017 | 20 | ||||||
CCL27/CTACK (>5) | Kakinuma et al74 | E | S | 2003 | 50 | — | — | — | — | |
Hon et al75*† | E | S | 2004 | 37 | ||||||
Hijnen et al27‡ | E | S | 2004 | 76 | ||||||
Song et al29† | E | S | 2006 | 157 | ||||||
Nakazato et al30† | E | S | 2008 | 34 | ||||||
Machura et al33† | E | S | 2012 | 26 | ||||||
S100A7/12 (>5) | — | — | — | — | — | Suarez-Farinas et al42 (LS-B) | PCR | S | 2011 | 12 |
Tintle et al41 (LS-B)∥ | PCR | S | 2011 | 12 | ||||||
Suarez-Farinas et al54 (LS-B) | PCR | P | 2013 | 7 | ||||||
Ungar et al58 (LS+/NL-B) | PCR | P | 2017 | 25 | ||||||
Guttman-Yassky et al68† (LS-TS) | PCR | S | 2019 | 21 | ||||||
Sanyal et al59 (LS-B) | PCR | S | 2019 | 15 | ||||||
He et al25 (LS-B) | PCR | P | 2020 | 61 | ||||||
E-selectin (>5) | Morita et al76 | E | NA | 1995 | 23 | — | — | — | — | — |
Yamashita et al77 | E | K | 1997 | 53 | ||||||
Wolkerstorfer et al†78 | E | S | 2003 | 15 | ||||||
Angelova-Fischer et al45 | E | P | 2006 | 21 | ||||||
Brunner et al79 | O | S | 2017 | 59 | ||||||
Brunner et al47†‡ | O | S | 2019 | 30 | ||||||
MMP12 (>5) | Brunner et al79 | O | S | 2017 | 59 | Suarez-Farinas et al42 (LS-B) | PCR | S | 2011 | 12 |
Brunner et al47†‡ | O | S | 2019 | 30 | Suarez-Farinas et al54 (LS-B) | PCR | P | 2013 | 7 | |
He et al80 | O | P | 2020 | 71 | Ungar et al58 (NL-B) | PCR | P | 2017 | 25 | |
Pavel et al81†** (NL-TS) | R | S | 2020 | 19 | ||||||
LDH (>5) | Mukai et al60 | NA | NA | 1990 | 80 | NA | ||||
Tsuboi et al48 | P | 1998 | 17 | |||||||
Morishima et al12 | S | 2010 | 58 | |||||||
Kou et al13 | S | 2012 | 121 | |||||||
Mizawa et al14 | S | 2013 | 30 | |||||||
Kataoka35∥ | NA | 2014 | 96 | |||||||
Olesen et al82 | S | 2019 | 43 | |||||||
CCL18/PARC (≥5) | Hon et al83† | E | P | 2011 | 108 | Suarez-Farinas et al42 (NL-B) | PCR | S | 2011 | 12 |
Gittler et al84 (NL-B) | PCR | S | 2012 | 10 | ||||||
Esaki et al65† (LS-B) | PCR | P | 2016 | 19 | ||||||
Guttman-Yassky et al68†** (LS-TS) | PCR | S | 2019 | 21 | ||||||
Eotaxin-3/CCL26 (≥5) | Kagami et al85 | E | S | 2003 | 30 | Zhou et al86 (LS-B) | PCR | S | 2019 | 27 |
Wen et al43 | ECL | P | 2018 | 15 | Guttman-Yassky et al68†§∥ (LS-TP) | PCR | S | 2019 | 21 | |
IL-19 (≥5) | Oka et al87 | E | S | 2017 | 21 | Esaki et al65† (LS-B) | PCR | P | 2016 | 19 |
Konrad et al88∥ | E | S | 2019 | 124 | Guttman-Yassky et al68† (LS-TS)∥ | PCR | S | 2019 | 21 | |
Pavel et al81†‡ (LS-TS)∥ | R | S | 2020 | 19 |
B, Skin biopsy; C, cell count; Corr, correlation; ECP, eosinophil cationic protein; E, ELISA; ECL, electrochemiluminescence immunoassay; EMD, Erenna immunoassay; F, flow cytometry; FEIA, fluorescent enzyme immunoassays; IC, ImmunoCap system; IF, immunofluorescence; IRMA, immunoradiometric assay; ISF, interstitial fluid; K, Kendall rank correlation; L, Luminex; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LRA, linear regression analysis; LS, lesional; N, nephelometric method; NA, not applicable/available; NL, nonlesional; O, OLINK proteomics; PARC, pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine; R, RNA-sequencing; RIA, ECP radioimmunoassay; SCORAD, SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis; TEWL, transepidermal water loss; TS, tape-strips.
Correlated with SCORAD components and not with the total SCORAD.
Pediatric cohort.
Correlated with Six Area, Six Sign AD/body surface area/Leicester severity score/scoring system as described by Costa et al.89
Correlated with TEWL.
P ≤.1.
Performed on monocyte-derived circulating dendritic cells.
# Log2(IgE) was correlated with SCORAD.
Correlated with pruritus.