Table 1.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression results for the self-reported recurrent endometriosis analysis
| Non-endometriosis control | Single endometriosis diagnosis | Recurrent endometriosis | Non-endometriosis control vs recurrent endometriosis | Non-endometriosis control vs single endometriosis diagnosis | Single endometriosis diagnosis vs recurrent endometriosis | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate Lasso | Univariate analysis | Multivariate Lasso | Univariate analysis | Multivariate Lasso | |||||||
| OR, 95% CI | p value | Coef | OR (95% CI) | p value | Coef | OR (95% CI) | p value | Coef | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||
| n | 188 | 282 | 221 | |||||||||
| Mean (range) | 29.05 (18–50) | 29.17 (18–47) | 31.79 (18–47) | < 0.001 | 0.862 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| 18–24 (n, %) | 63 (33.5) | 73 (25.9) | 38 (17.2) | – | – | – | ||||||
| 25–29 (n, %) | 45 (23.9) | 94 (33.3) | 55 (24.9) | 2.03 (1.15–3.56) | 0.014 | 0.000 | 1.80 (1.10–2.94) | 0.018 | 0.270 | 1.12 (0.67–1.88) | 0.656 | 0.000 |
| 30–34 (n, %) | 39 (20.7) | 56 (19.9) | 46 (20.8) | 1.96 (1.09–3.52) | 0.025 | 0.000 | 1.24 (0.73–2.10) | 0.428 | 0.000 | 1.58 (0.91–2.74) | 0.106 | 0.000 |
| 35+ (n, %) | 41 (21.8) | 59 (20.9) | 82 (37.1) | 3.32 (1.91–5.75) | < 0.001 | 0.641 | 1.24 (0.74–2.09) | 0.416 | 0.484 | 2.67 (1.59–4.47) | < 0.001 | 0.223 |
| Past smokera | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 111 (59.0) | 179 (63.5) | 127 (57.5) | – | – | |||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 77 (41.0) | 103 (36.5) | 94 (42.5) | 1.07 (0.72–1.58) | 0.747 | 0.000 | 0.83 (0.57–1.21) | 0.333 | 0.000 | 1.29 (0.90–1.84) | 0.171 | 0.000 |
| Current smokera | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 139 (73.9) | 219 (77.7) | 160 (72.4) | – | – | |||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 49 (26.1) | 63 (22.3) | 61 (27.6) | 1.08 (0.70–1.68) | 0.727 | 0.000 | 0.82 (0.53–1.25) | 0.354 | −0.153 | 1.33 (0.88–1.99) | 0.175 | 0.230 |
| Never smokeda | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 78 (41.5) | 103 (36.5) | 94 (42.5) | – | – | |||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 110 (58.5) | 179 (63.5) | 127 (57.5) | 0.96 (0.65–1.42) | 0.831 | 0.000 | 1.23 (0.84–1.80) | 0.279 | 0.000 | 0.78 (0.54–1.11) | 0.171 | 0.000 |
| Age of menarche (years)a | ||||||||||||
| n | 188 | 281 | 221 | |||||||||
| Mean (range) | 12.57 (8–16) | 12.93 (8–19) | 12.50 (8–17) | 0.655 | 0.025 | 0.006 | ||||||
| Under 12 (n, %) | 47 (25.0) | 53 (18.9) | 63 (28.5) | – | – | – | ||||||
| 12–14 (n, %) | 121 (64.4) | 182 (64.8) | 134 (60.6) | 0.83 (0.53–1.30) | 0.406 | 0.000 | 1.33 (0.85–2.10) | 0.215 | 0.000 | 0.62 (0.40–0.95) | 0.028 | −0.116 |
| 15+ (n, %) | 20 (10.6) | 46 (16.4) | 24 (10.9) | 0.90 (0.44–1.81) | 0.758 | 0.000 | 2.04 (1.06–3.93) | 0.033 | 0.150 | 0.44 (0.24–0.81) | 0.009 | −0.302 |
| Graviditya | ||||||||||||
| n | 188 | 281 | 221 | |||||||||
| Mean (range) | 1.12 (0–11) | 0.42 (0–5) | 0.80 (0–6) | 0.046 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| 0 | 115 (61.2) | 208 (74.0) | 135 (61.1) | – | – | – | ||||||
| 1–2 | 37 (19.7) | 65 (23.1) | 62 (28.1) | 1.43 (0.89–2.30) | 0.144 | 0.000 | 0.97 (0.61–1.54) | 0.902 | 0.000 | 1.47 (0.98–2.21) | 0.066 | 0.000 |
| 3+ | 36 (19.1) | 8 (2.8) | 24 (10.9) | 0.57 (0.32–1.01) | 0.053 | −0.530 | 0.12 (0.06–0.27) | < 0.001 | −1.797 | 4.62 (2.02–10.59) | < 0.001 | 0.658 |
| Paritya | ||||||||||||
| n | 188 | 281 | 221 | |||||||||
| Mean (range) | 0.56 (0–5) | 0.17 (0–4) | 0.47 (0–4) | 0.298 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| 0 | 135 (71.8) | 251 (89.3) | 157 (71.0) | – | – | – | ||||||
| 1–2 | 39 (20.7) | 27 (9.6) | 58 (26.2) | 1.28 (0.80–2.04) | 0.302 | 0.000 | 0.37 (0.22–0.63) | < 0.001 | −0.519 | 3.43 (2.09–5.65) | <0.001 | 0.629 |
| 3+ | 14 (7.4) | 3 (1.1) | 6 (2.7) | 0.37 (0.14–0.99) | 0.047 | −0.423 | 0.12 (0.03–0.41) | 0.001 | −0.115 | 3.20 (0.79–12.97) | 0.104 | 0.000 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||||||||||
| n | 186 | 282 | 221 | |||||||||
| Mean (range) | 116.20 (89–159) | 114.60 (82–158) | 117.5 (85–152) | 0.344 | 0.192 | 0.015 | ||||||
| Under 120 | 115 (61.8) | 182 (64.5) | 131 (59.3) | – | – | – | ||||||
| 120–129 | 40 (21.5) | 69 (24.5) | 42 (19.0) | 0.92 (0.56–1.52) | 0.750 | 0.000 | 1.09 (0.69–1.72) | 0.710 | 0.115 | 0.85 (0.54–1.32) | 0.460 | −0.115 |
| 130–139 | 20 (10.8) | 19 (6.7) | 32 (14.5) | 1.40 (0.76–2.59) | 0.277 | 0.000 | 0.60 (0.31–1.17) | 0.135 | −0.165 | 2.34 (1.27–4.31) | 0.006 | 0.480 |
| 140+ | 11 (5.9) | 12 (4.3) | 16 (7.2) | 1.28 (0.57–2.86) | 0.553 | 0.000 | 0.69 (0.29–1.61) | 0.391 | 0.000 | 1.85 (0.85–4.05) | 0.122 | 0.174 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||||||||||
| n | 186 | 282 | 221 | |||||||||
| Mean (range) | 73.16 (50–100) | 73.16 (48–106) | 74.72 (43–101) | 0.127 | 1.000 | 0.083 | ||||||
| Under 80 | 131 (70.4) | 208 (73.8) | 146 (66.1) | – | ||||||||
| 80–84 | 33 (17.7) | 44 (15.6) | 33 (14.9) | 0.90 (0.52–1.54) | 0.692 | 0.000 | 0.84 (0.51–1.39) | 0.495 | 0.000 | 1.07 (0.65–1.76) | 0.794 | −0.047 |
| 85–89 | 13 (7.0) | 15 (5.3) | 20 (9.0) | 1.38 (0.66–2.88) | 0.391 | 0.000 | 0.73 (0.34–1.58) | 0.419 | 0.000 | 1.90 (0.94–3.83) | 0.073 | 0.000 |
| 90+ | 9 (4.8) | 15 (5.3) | 22 (10.0) | 2.19 (0.98–4.93) | 0.058 | 0.126 | 1.05 (0.45–2.47) | 0.912 | 0.133 | 2.09 (1.05–4.16) | 0.036 | 0.061 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||||||
| n | 188 | 282 | 221 | |||||||||
| Mean (range) | 26.71 (16.05–49.02) | 24.56 (15.43–47.9) | 25.35 (17.23–50.44) | 0.018 | < 0.001 | 0.099 | ||||||
| Normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 87 (46.3) | 170 (60.3) | 124 (56.1) | – | – | |||||||
| Underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2) | 2 (1.1) | 14 (5.0) | 8 (3.6) | 2.81 (0.58–13.54) | 0.199 | 0.000 | 3.58 (0.80–16.12) | 0.096 | 0.670 | 0.78 (0.32–1.92) | 0.595 | −0.415 |
| Pre-obese (25–29.9 kg/m2) | 49 (26.1) | 64 (22.7) | 55 (24.9) | 0.79 (0.49–1.26) | 0.322 | 0.000 | 0.67 (0.42–1.05) | 0.081 | −0.140 | 1.18 (0.77–1.81) | 0.453 | 0.000 |
| Obese (≥ 30 kg/m2) | 50 (26.6) | 34 (12.1) | 34 (15.4) | 0.48 (0.29–0.80) | 0.005 | −0.542 | 0.35 (0.21–0.58) | < 0.001 | −0.956 | 1.37 (0.81–2.33) | 0.242 | 0.000 |
| Severe menstrual paina | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 11 (5.9) | 14 (5.0) | 13 (5.9) | – | ||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 177 (94.1) | 268 (95.0) | 208 (94.1) | 0.99 (0.43–2.27) | 0.989 | 0.000 | 1.19 (0.53–2.68) | 0.675 | 0.000 | 0.84 (0.38–1.82) | 0.651 | −0.100 |
| Severe pelvic pain (non-menstrual)a | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 28 (14.9) | 56 (19.9) | 34 (15.4) | – | ||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 160 (85.1) | 226 (80.1) | 187 (84.6) | 0.96 (0.56–1.66) | 0.890 | 0.000 | 0.71 (0.43–1.16) | 0.170 | −0.176 | 1.36 (0.85–2.18) | 0.195 | 0.013 |
| Dyspareuniaa | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 38 (20.2) | 72 (25.5) | 47 (21.3) | – | ||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 150 (79.8) | 210 (74.5) | 174 (78.7) | 0.94 (0.58–1.52) | 0.793 | 0.000 | 0.74 (0.47–1.15) | 0.183 | −0.101 | 1.27 (0.83–1.93) | 0.265 | 0.014 |
| Attendance at an emergency room for menstrual/pelvic paina | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 131 (69.7) | 172 (61.0) | 95 (43.0) | – | ||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 57 (30.3) | 110 (39.0) | 126 (57.0) | 3.05 (2.02–4.59) | < 0.001 | 0.872 | 1.47 (0.99–2.18) | 0.054 | 0.463 | 2.07 (1.45–2.97) | < 0.001 | 0.574 |
| Currently taking hormone medicationa | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 95 (50.5) | 178 (63.1) | 134 (60.6) | – | ||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 93 (49.5) | 104 (36.9) | 87 (39.4) | 0.66 (0.45–0.98) | 0.041 | −0.216 | 0.60 (0.41–0.87) | 0.007 | −0.543 | 1.11 (0.77–1.60) | 0.568 | 0.183 |
| Previous hysterectomya | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 187 (99.5) | 282 (100.0) | 216 (97.7) | |||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (2.3) | 4.33 (0.50–37.38) | 0.183 | 0.000 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
| Ovarian cystsa | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 108 (57.4) | 147 (52.1) | 86 (38.9) | – | ||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 80 (42.7) | 135 (47.9) | 135 (61.1) | 2.12 (1.43–3.15) | < 0.001 | 0.320 | 1.24 (0.85–1.80) | 0.257 | 0.000 | 1.71 (1.20–2.44) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Fibrocystic breastsa | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 176 (93.6) | 269 (95.4) | 206 (93.2) | – | ||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 12 (6.4) | 13 (4.6) | 15 (6.8) | 1.07 (0.49–2.34) | 0.870 | 0.000 | 0.71 (0.32–1.59) | 0.403 | −0.505 | 1.51 (0.70–3.24) | 0.293 | 0.000 |
| Uterine fibroidsa | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 169 (89.9) | 270 (95.7) | 191 (86.4) | – | ||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 19 (10.1) | 12 (4.3) | 30 (13.6) | 1.40 (0.76–2.57) | 0.283 | 0.000 | 0.40 (0.19–0.84) | 0.015 | −0.511 | 3.53 (1.76–7.08) | <0.001 | 0.524 |
| Polycystic ovary diseasea | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 148 (78.7) | 230 (81.6) | 177 (80.1) | – | ||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 40 (21.3) | 52 (18.4) | 44 (19.9) | 0.92 (0.57–1.49) | 0.733 | 0.000 | 0.84 (0.53–1.33) | 0.448 | 0.000 | 1.10 (0.70–1.72) | 0.677 | 0.000 |
| Adenomyosisa | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 181 (96.3) | 269 (95.4) | 181 (81.9) | – | ||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 7 (3.7) | 13 (4.6) | 40 (18.1) | 5.71 (2.49–13.09) | < 0.001 | 0.908 | 1.25 (0.49–3.19) | 0.642 | 0.246 | 4.57 (2.38–8.79) | < 0.001 | 0.759 |
| Pre-cancer of the cervix or an abnormal Papanicolaou testa | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 180 (95.7) | 268 (95.0) | 208 (94.1) | – | ||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 8 (4.3) | 14 (5.0) | 13 (5.9) | 1.41 (0.57–3.47) | 0.459 | 0.000 | 1.18 (0.48–2.86) | 0.722 | 0.000 | 1.20 (0.55–2.60) | 0.651 | 0.000 |
| Food allergies or intolerancesa | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 143 (76.1) | 216 (76.6) | 155 (70.1) | – | ||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 45 (23.9) | 66 (23.4) | 66 (29.9) | 1.35 (0.87–2.10) | 0.180 | 0.000 | 0.97 (0.63–1.50) | 0.894 | 0.000 | 1.39 (0.94–2.08) | 0.103 | 0.313 |
| Disturbance to taste or smella | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 173 (92.0) | 267 (94.7) | 195 (88.2) | – | ||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 15 (8.0) | 15 (5.3) | 26 (11.8) | 1.54 (0.79–3.00) | 0.207 | 0.000 | 0.65 (0.31–1.36) | 0.251 | 0.000 | 2.37 (1.22–4.60) | 0.010 | 0.173 |
| Hay fevera | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 106 (56.4) | 176 (62.4) | 116 (52.5) | – | ||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 82 (43.6) | 106 (37.6) | 105 (47.5) | 1.17 (0.79–1.73) | 0.431 | 0.000 | 0.78 (0.53–1.13) | 0.192 | −0.266 | 1.50 (1.05–2.15) | 0.025 | 0.376 |
| Eczemaa | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 146 (77.7) | 192 (68.1) | 174 (78.7) | – | ||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 42 (22.3) | 90 (31.9) | 47 (21.3) | 0.94 (0.59–1.50) | 0.793 | 0.000 | 1.63 (1.07–2.49) | 0.024 | 0.340 | 0.58 (0.38–0.87) | 0.008 | −0.565 |
| Previous diagnosis of endometriosisa | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 188 (100.0) | 282 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 221 (100.0) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| Family history of endometriosisa | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 138 (74.2) | 211 (74.8) | 149 (67.4) | – | ||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | 48 (25.8) | 70 (24.8) | 72 (32.6) | 1.39 (0.90–2.14) | 0.136 | 0.047 | 0.95 (0.62–1.46) | 0.827 | 0.000 | 1.46 (0.99–2.15) | 0.059 | 0.369 |
| rASRM score | ||||||||||||
| n | 282 | 221 | ||||||||||
| Mean (range) | N/A | 14.6 (1–134) | 27.39 (1–142) | N/A | N/A | < 0.001 | 0.000 | |||||
| Stage of endometriosis (rASRM) | ||||||||||||
| Stage 1 (n, %) | 175 (62.1) | 88 (39.8) | – | |||||||||
| Stage 2 (n, %) | 43 (15.2) | 34 (15.4) | 1.57 (0.94–2.64) | 0.087 | 0.000 | |||||||
| Stage 3 (n, %) | 30 (10.6) | 35 (15.8) | 2.32 (1.34–4.02) | 0.003 | 0.033 | |||||||
| Stage 4 (n, %) | N/A | 34 (12.1) | 64 (29.0) | N/A | N/A | 3.74 (2.30–6.10) | < 0.001 | 0.278 | ||||
| Adhesions | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 189 (67.0) | 90 (40.7) | ||||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | N/A | 93 (33.0) | 131 (59.3) | N/A | N/A | 2.96 (2.05–4.26) | < 0.001 | 0.637 | ||||
| Superficial ovarian lesion(s) | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 245 (86.9) | 198 (89.6) | ||||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | N/A | 37 (13.1) | 23 (10.4) | N/A | N/A | 0.77 (0.44–1.34) | 0.352 | 0.000 | ||||
| Deep ovarian lesion(s) | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 219 (77.7) | 141 (63.8) | ||||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | N/A | 63 (22.3) | 80 (36.2) | N/A | N/A | 1.97 (1.33–2.92) | 0.001 | 0.000 | ||||
| Superficial peritoneal lesion(s) | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 32 (11.3) | 48 (21.7) | ||||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | N/A | 250 (88.7) | 173 (78.3) | N/A | N/A | 0.46 (0.28–0.75) | 0.002 | −0.002 | ||||
| Deep peritoneal lesion(s) | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 203 (72.0) | 125 (56.6) | ||||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | N/A | 79 (28.0) | 96 (43.4) | N/A | N/A | 1.97 (1.36–2.86) | < 0.001 | 0.290 | ||||
| Pouch of Douglas | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 123 (43.6) | 99 (44.8) | ||||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | N/A | 159 (56.4) | 122 (55.2) | N/A | N/A | 0.95 (0.67–1.36) | 0.792 | 0.000 | ||||
| UV pouch | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 210 (74.5) | 167 (75.6) | ||||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | N/A | 72 (25.5) | 54 (24.4) | N/A | N/A | 0.94 (0.63–1.42) | 0.778 | 0.000 | ||||
| Bladder | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 281 (99.6) | 216 (97.7) | ||||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | N/A | 1 (0.4) | 5 (2.3) | N/A | N/A | 6.50 (0.75–56.08) | 0.088 | 0.716 | ||||
| Bowel | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 250 (88.7) | 176 (79.6) | ||||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | N/A | 32 (11.3) | 45 (20.4) | N/A | N/A | 2.00 (1.22–3.27) | 0.006 | 0.000 | ||||
| Tube | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 267 (94.7) | 209 (94.6) | ||||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | N/A | 15 (5.3) | 12 (5.4) | N/A | N/A | 1.02 (0.47–2.23) | 0.956 | −0.109 | ||||
| Pelvic side wall | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 90 (31.9) | 73 (33.0) | ||||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | N/A | 192 (68.1) | 148 (67.0) | N/A | N/A | 0.95 (0.65–1.38) | 0.791 | 0.000 | ||||
| Pararectal space | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 239 (84.8) | 203 (91.9) | ||||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | N/A | 43 (15.2) | 18 (8.1) | N/A | N/A | 0.49 (0.28–0.88) | 0.017 | −0.547 | ||||
| Uterosacral ligament | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 151 (53.5) | 123 (55.7) | ||||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | N/A | 131 (46.5) | 98 (44.3) | N/A | N/A | 0.92 (0.64–1.31) | 0.637 | 0.000 | ||||
| Other | ||||||||||||
| No (n, %) | 209 (74.1) | 146 (66.1) | ||||||||||
| Yes (n, %) | N/A | 73 (25.9) | 75 (33.9) | N/A | N/A | 1.47 (1.00–2.16) | 0.050 | 0.000 | ||||
aPatient reported variable