Table 1:
Characteristics of included studies.
| Author | Study design | Inclusion criteria | Geographical region | Stage of CKD | Method of diagnosis of CKD | Method of measurement of sleep duration and quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agarwal et al. [12] | Cohort study | Patients with CKD or on hemodialysis | North America | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Actigraphy |
| Bo et al. [9] | Cohort study | Patients from a standard medical examination program conducted by the MJ Health Management Institution (Taipei, Taiwan) from 1996 to 2014 | Asia | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Cha et al. [11] | Cohort study | Patients from the KoGES Study | Asia | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Chang et al. [10] | Cohort study | Patients from the KHANES Survey over 19 years old with information on sleep parameters | Asia | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Choi et al. [43] | Cross-sectional study | Patients from the KoGES study | Asia | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Cohen et al. [44] | Cross-sectional study | Predialysis patients with CKD | North America | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Del Brutto et al. [45] | Cross-sectional study | Atahualpa residents aged ≥60 years who were offered a brain MRI | South America | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Fang et al. [46] | Cross-sectional study | Patients from the KHANES Survey | Asia | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Fujibayashi et al. [47] | Cross-sectional study | Patients who underwent annual health checkups between May 2006 to August 2010 | Asia | 3 to 4 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Geng et al. [48] | Cohort study | Patients from the Singapore Chinese Health Study with information on daily sleep duration | Asia | 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Gu et al. [49] | Cohort study | Adult Patients from the KHANES with type 2 diabetes mellitus | Asia | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Hirano et al. [50] | Cohort study | Patients from the St Luke's International Hospital in Tokyo | Asia | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Jean-Lous et al. [51] | Cross-sectional study | Patients from the National Health Interview Survey | North America | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Jiang et al. [52] | Cohort study | Patients from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study | Asia | 3 to 5 | Self-reported | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Karatas et al. [53] | Cohort study | Patients who were predialysis or undergoing hemodialysis | Africa | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Kim et al. [54] | Cohort study | Patients from the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study | Asia | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Kucuk et al. [55] | Cohort study | Patients with CKD, undergoing hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or post-renal transplant | Asia | 4 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Lee et al. [56] | Cohort study | Patients with CKD or ESRD | North America | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Li et al. [57] | Cross-sectional study | Patients from the Kailuan cohort study | Asia | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Lu et al. [58] | Cross-sectional study | Patients from the 2013, 2014 and 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System | North America | 3 to 5 | Self-reported | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Meng et al. [59] | Cross-sectional study | Cross-sectional study from the Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital | Asia | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Nagai et al. [60] | Cross-sectional study | Patients from the Jichi Medical School Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring study | Asia | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Nakajima et al. [61] | Cohort study | Patients from the NAFLD in Gifu Area, Longitudinal Analysis study | Asia | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Nishimura et al. [62] | Cohort study | Patients with type 2 diabetes | Asia | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Polysomnography |
| Petrov et al. [63] | Cohort study | Patients from the 2009–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey | Asia | 1 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Pinto et al. [64] | Cross-sectional study | Patients with CKD compared with healthy controls | Asia | 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Platinga et al. [65] | Cross-sectional study | Patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2008 | North America | 3 to 4 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Sabbatini et al. [66] | Cross-sectional study | Kidney graft recipients and patients on hemodialysis, compared with healthy controls | South America | 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Salifu et al. [67] | Cross-sectional study | Cross-sectional survey of the National Health Interview Survey | North America | 3 to 5 | Self-reported | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Sasaki et al [68] | Cross-sectional study | Patients who underwent annual health checkups between April 2003 and March 2004 | North America | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Sun et al. [69] | Cross-sectional study | Patients from the 2011 and 2015 surveys of the CHARLS | Europe | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Tan et al. [70] | Cross-sectional study | Patients from the Singapore Malay Eye Study and Singapore Indian Eye Study | North America | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Tu et al. [71] | Cohort study | Patients with CKD not on dialysis | Asia | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Unruh et al. [72] | Cohort study | Patients undergoing hemodialysis, compared with healthy controls | Asia | 5 | eGFR measurements | Polysomnography |
| Wang et al. [73] | Cross-sectional study | Patients from CHARLS | Asia | 3 to 5 | Self-reported | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Warsame et al. [74] | Cross-sectional study | Patients from the NHANES cohort aged ≥60 years of age with measured serum creatine and at least one assessment of cognitive function | Asia | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Wu et al. [75] | Cross-sectional study | Participants from the NHANES | North America | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Xu et al. [76] | Cohort study | Patients from the CHARLS study | Asia | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Yamamoto et al. [77] | Cohort study | Patients who underwent annual health checkups between April 2006 and 2010 | Asia | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Ye et al. [78] | Cross-sectional study | Patients from the risk evaluation of cancers in Chinese diabetic individuals: a longitudinal (REACTION) study |
North America | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Yu et al. [79] | Cross-sectional study | Patients from the KHANES >19 years old with information on sleep parameters | North America | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
| Zhang et al. [80] | Cohort study | Patients from the UK Biobank | Asia | 3 to 5 | eGFR measurements | Self-reported questionnaire |
CHARLS, China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; HLD, hyperlipidemia; KoGES, Korea Genome and Epidemiology Study; KHANES, Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NR, not reported