Table 1.

Reproductive cancers with highest incidence treated with radiotherapy.

Cancer	Patients (total N)	Source	Radiotherapy	Associated miRNAs	Citation
	149	Plasma	Curative intent radiotherapy	miRNA-93 and miRNA-221 demonstrated a significant decrease in plasma levels after radiotherapy, suggesting a possible role of miRNA-93 and miRNA-221 as radiosensitizers in prostate cancer	Zedan et al. (2019)
	30	Tumor tissue	Neoadjuvant radiotherapy	miR-145 expression was significantly increased in patients demonstrating good response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy, while expression of the miR-145-regulated DNA repair genes was significantly decreased	Gong et al. (2015)
Prostate cancer	33	Normal vs tumor tissue (before and after RT)	Adjuvant radiotherapy	The expression of miR-541-3p was increased in tissues after radiotherapy, suggesting that its upmodulation after radiotherapy may affect radiosensitivity through regulation of the HSP27/β–catenin axis	He et al. (2021)
	8	Serum	Carbon ion radiotherapy	High expression of miR-493-5p, miR-323a-3p, miR-411-5p, miR-494-3p, miR-379-5p, miR-654-3p, miR-409-3p, miR-543, and miR-200c-3p before carbon ion radiotherapy predicted therapeutic benefit to RT. Similarly, post-RT expression of miR-654-3p and miR-379-5p is associated with radiotherapy efficacy	Yu et al. (2018)
	25	Serum	Curative radiotherapy	Exosomal expression of let-7a-5p and miR-21-5p was associated with radiation response	Malla et al. (2018)
	16	Blood leukocytes in 3 times: (1) prior RT; (2) dose reached of 2, 10, or 20 Gy; and (3) after therapy (46–50 Gy in total)	External beam radiotherapy	Overexposures to RT can affect normal tissues, and underexposures limit tumor control, so it would be useful to evaluate dosimetry methods in peripheral blood lymphocytes. miR-744-5p shows stable miRNA expression and, therefore, could serve as an informative miRNA to predict absorbed dose	Marczyk et al. (2021)
	136	Paraffin-embedded samples	Adjuvant radiotherapy	An inverse correlation between the expression of miR-200c–LINC02582 and CHK1 was observed, which might affect radiosensitivity	Wang et al. (2019)
Breast cancer	20	Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor	45 Gy in 25 fractions plus a tumor bed boost of 16 Gy in 8 fractions	miR-139-5p is overexpressed in nonrelapsed patients possibly by miRNA regulation over multiple DNA repair and reactive oxygen species defense pathways	Pajic et al. (2018)
	20	Blood samples were collected from each patient at different times of the treatment	Hypofractionated RT (16 fractions, 2.65 Gy/fraction) or conventional RT (25 fractions, 2 Gy/fraction)	Identify 8 stemness- and radioresistance-related miRNAs (miR-210, miR-10b, miR-182, miR-142, miR-221, miR-21, miR-93, and miR-15b), which varied depending on clinicopathological features and across the pre-RT, during RT, and post-RT periods	Griñán-Lisón et al. (2020)
	18	Tumor tissue	Pelvic irradiation (45 Gy), parametrium boost of 10–14 Gy. Followed by intracavitary radiation therapy (20–25 Gy)	High levels of miR-181a related to RT resistance via silencing of PRKCD inhibiting irradiation-induced apoptosis	Ke et al. (2013)
	30	Tumor tissue	Conformal radiotherapy 2 Gy	miR-15a-3p is upregulated after radiotherapy, enhancing radiosensitivity by targeting tumor protein D52	Wu et al. (2018b)
Cervical cancer	41	Tumor tissue	55 Gy of radiotherapy and 30 Gy of internal brachytherapy	miR-31-3p, miR-3676, miR-125a-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-200a-5p, and miR-342 were associated with clinical response and might inform radioresistance
	62	Tumor tissue	55 Gy of radiotherapy and 30 Gy of internal brachytherapy	miR-125a, which modulates CDKN1A, was downregulated in patients with cervical cancer who did not respond to standard treatment.	Pedroza-Torres et al. (2016, 2018)
	53	Tumor tissue	Preoperative radiotherapy	Low levels of miR-214-5p were detected in patients with poor radiotherapy response, which may be due to its regulation over ROCK1, which limits radiation sensitivity	Zhang et al. (2023)