Table 2.

Colorectal and lung cancers commonly treated with radiotherapy.

Cancer	Patients (total N)	Source	Radiotherapy	Associated miRNAs	Citation
	19	Fresh biopsies of rectal cancer tumors	Adjuvant pelvic locoregional radiotherapy (45–50.4 Gy)	Decreased miR-7-5p levels in cancer tissues of patients with rectal cancer resistant to radiotherapy, probably established by loss of miRNA modulation on the stem-associated transcription factor KLF4	Shang et al. (2023)
Colorectal cancer	106	Plasma specimens from patients with advanced rectal cancer	Radiotherapy	8-miRNA panel (miR-30e-5p, miR-33a-5p, miR-130a-5p, miR-210-3p, miR-214-3p, miR-320a, miR-338-3p, and miR-1260a) prioritized in pretreatment plasma specimens robustly predicted response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy	Wada et al. (2021)
	60	Fresh tumor tissue and blood samples	Radiotherapy	miR-25 is upregulated in both tumor and serum of radioresistant patients than in radiosensitive ones, whereas the putative target of the miRNA, BTG2, an antiproliferative gene, is downregulated, affecting sensitivity to radiotherapy	He et al. (2015)
	30	Tumor tissue	Postoperative radiotherapy (60 Gy)	In the radiotherapy-sensitive patients, 5 miRNAs (miRNA-126, let-7a, let-495, let-451, and let-128b) were significantly upregulated, and 7 (miRNA-130a, miRNA-106b, miRNA-19b, miRNA-22, miRNA-15b, miRNA-17-5p, and miRNA-21) were downregulated. miRNA-126 inhibited cell apoptosis through the PI3K-AKT pathway	Wang et al. (2011)
	101	Serum samples	Radiation (60–74 Gy)	High sera levels of miR-155 and miR-221 during the first 2 wk of chemoradiation therapy were associated with the development of severe radiation-induced esophageal toxicity	Xu et al. (2014)
	5	Platelet-depleted plasma over 5 dose points	Standard- or high-dose RT	The expression of miR-29a-3p and miR-150-5p in circulating exosomes decreased in response to radiation dose, which could help predict unexpected responses to radiotherapy	Dinh et al. (2016)
Lung cancer	80	Pretreatment serum sample	Standard- or high-dose RT	Dose–response score comprised of 11 miRNAs (miR-10b-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-134, miR-155-5p, miR-200b-3p, miR-205-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-145-5p, and miR-22-3p) along with clinical factors to identify a subset of patients with locally advanced cancer who exhibit a clinical benefit, in terms of overall survival, from high-dose radiotherapy	Sun et al. (2018)
	258	Serum samples	Whole-brain RT (30 Gy)	Lower expression of miR-330 correlates with radiation sensitivity and poor prognosis in patients with brain metastasis from lung cancer, representing a novel predictor for radiation sensitivity and a novel therapeutic target for the prognosis	Jiang et al. (2017)
	52	Plasma samples	Radiotherapy	Plasma exosomal miR-96 is significantly overexpressed in the radioresistant group, and its expression has the potential to differentiate radioresistant from radiosensitive patients	Zheng et al. (2021)