Table 2.

The association of retinopathy and incident CAC among those with zero CAC at baseline

		Cumulative incidence (%; n at risk)	Model A*, relative incident ratio (95% CI)	Model B**, relative incident ratio (95% CI)	Model C+, relative incident ratio (95% CI)	Model D++, relative incident ratio (95% CI)
DM	RP absent	42% (255)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	RP present	55% (91)	1.4 (1.1,1.7)	1.3 (1,1.7)	1.2 (0.9,1.5)	1.2 (0.91,1.59)
Non-DM	RP absent	32% (24)	1.0	1.0	1.00	1.00
	RP present	37% (177)	1.1 (0.9,1.4)	1.1 (0.91,1.32)	1.1 (0.9,1.3)	1.09 (0.9,1.31)
Interaction between retinopathy and DM p value	-		0.1466	0.1711	0.6348	0.6392

ABI = ankle brachial index; BMI = body mass index; CAC = coronary artery calcification; CRAE = central retinal arteriolar equivalent; CRP = C-reactive protein; CRVE = central retinal venular equivalent; DM = diabetes mellitus; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c HDL = high density lipoprotein cholesterol; Log = logarithm; MI = myocardial infarction; RP = retinopathy; SBP = systolic blood pressure.

^*Adjusted for age, gender, race, and follow up time.

^**Adjusted for variables in model a plus cardiovascular risk factors including total cholesterol, HDL-C, log of triglycerides, lipid-lowering medications, SBP, anti-hypertension medications, smoking status and cigarette pack-years.

⁺Adjusted for variables in model B plus and BMI, log of CRP, Fibrinogen, log of HbA1C, log of creatinine, glucose, albuminuria, ABI, use of insulin or oral hypoglycemics and family history of MI.

⁺⁺Adjusted for variables in model C and CRAE and CRVE.