Table 2. Results of independent sample t-test between KUB results, SCD phenotypes, and urinary symptoms versus clinical and lab findings of the SCD patients.

The p-values were calculated using independent sample t-tests to compare means between groups: KUB results (normal vs. abnormal), SCD phenotype (HGSS vs. HGSB (Hb-S-beta thalassemia)), and urinary symptoms (yes vs. no). Significant p-values (≤0.05) are marked with an asterisk (*).

HGSS: hemoglobin SS; HGSB: Hb-S-beta thalassemia; SCD: sickle cell disease; KUB: kidney, ureter, and bladder

Variables	KUB results					SCD phenotype					Urinary symptoms					Units
		N	Mean	t	p-value		N	Mean	t	p-value		N	Mean	t	p-value
Systolic BP	Normal	60	104.1	-0.59	0.56	HGSS	87	104.0	-1.96	0.053	Yes	10	102.1	-1.04	0.30	mmHg
	Abnormal	6	106.2			HGSB	11	109.0			No	88	104.9
Diastolic BP	Normal	60	60.2	-0.28	0.78	HGSS	87	60.4	0.34	0.74	Yes	10	60.1	-0.12	0.91	mmHg
	Abnormal	6	61.2			HGSB	11	59.6			No	88	60.4
HR	Normal	60	101.5	-0.40	0.69	HGSS	88	100.4	-0.50	0.62	Yes	10	99.3	-0.38	0.70	beat/min
	Abnormal	6	103.5			HGSB	11	102.2			No	89	100.7
Weight	Normal	51	26.8	2.33	0.02 (*)	HGSS	77	26.3	2.07	0.04 (*)	Yes	5	24.6	-0.16	0.87	kg
	Abnormal	5	15.4			HGSB	9	17.9			No	81	25.5
Height	Normal	51	124.3	1.06	0.29	HGSS	77	122.4	0.11	0.92	Yes	5	120.2	-0.29	0.77	cm
	Abnormal	5	116.2			HGSB	9	121.8			No	81	122.5
Creatinine	Normal	59	33.0	0.20	0.85	HGSS	87	31.3	-0.23	0.82	Yes	9	30.4	-0.32	0.75	µmol/L
	Abnormal	7	32.3			HGSB	11	31.9			No	89	31.4
Urea	Normal	59	4.2	0.44	0.66	HGSS	87	4.1	-0.58	0.56	Yes	9	3.4	-0.41	0.69	mmol/L
	Abnormal	7	3.2			HGSB	11	5.3			No	89	4.3
Serum albumin	Normal	59	44.4	-1.13	0.26	HGSS	86	46.0	0.25	0.80	Yes	9	43.3	-0.56	0.58	g/L
	Abnormal	7	45.7			HGSB	11	44.8			No	88	46.1
Albuminuria value	Normal	28	1.7	0.49	0.63	HGSS	40	2.3	0.50	0.62	Yes	4	1.6	-0.26	0.80	mg/g
	Abnormal	2	0.4			HGSB	2	0.5			No	38	2.3