Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Description of Hospitalized Patients Aged <5 Years With Enterovirus D68 and Rhinovirus Species A, B, and C Identified (N = 395) 1 August 2014–30 November 2014
| Characteristic | Enterovirus D68 (n = 199) |
RV-A (n = 57) |
RV-B (n = 18) |
RV-C (n = 121) |
Comparisona (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender—male, n(%) | 114(57.3) | 32(56.1) | 12(66.7) | 75(62.0) | |
| Symptom, n(%) | |||||
| Cough | 153(76.9) | 34(59.6) | 7(38.9) | 91(75.2) | A, B, E, F |
| Shortness of breath | 151(75.9) | 35(61.4) | 10(55.6) | 81(66.9) | A |
| Wheezing | 124(62.3) | 22(38.6) | 5(27.8) | 69(57.0) | A, B, E, F |
| Retractions | 99(49.7) | 12(21.1) | 6(33.3) | 47(38.8) | A, E |
| Tachypnea | 94(47.2) | 17(29.8) | 6(33.3) | 48(39.7) | A |
| Fever | 92(46.2) | 25(43.9) | 5(27.8) | 57(47.1) | |
| Runny nose | 77(38.7) | 21(36.8) | 5(27.8) | 45(37.2) | |
| Vomiting | 45(22.6) | 11(19.3) | 4(22.2) | 16(13.2) | C |
| Lethargy | 13(6.5) | 11(19.3) | 5(27.8) | 11(9.1) | A, B, F |
| Cyanosis | 11(5.5) | 4(7.0) | 5(27.8) | 6(5.0) | B, D, F |
| Sore throat | 9(4.5) | 2(3.5) | 0 | 1(0.8) | |
| Comorbidity, n(%) | |||||
| History of asthma or reactive airway disease | 67(33.7) | 14(24.6) | 2(11.1) | 37(30.6) | B |
| Cardiac disease | 8(4.0) | 4(7.0) | 2(11.1) | 8(6.6) | |
| Immunocompromised | 3(1.5) | 1(1.8) | 0 | 0 | |
| Prematurity | 15(7.5) | 10(17.5) | 1(5.6) | 15(12.4) | A |
| Clinical course, n(%) | |||||
| Number of days to hospitalization, meanb | 2.2 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 2.4 | |
| Abnormal chest X ray or computed tomography | 85(42.7) | 21(36.8) | 5(27.8) | 38(31.4) | C |
| Ventilation supportc | 32(16.1) | 19(33.3) | 4(22.2) | 28(23.1) | A |
| Intubated | 7(3.5) | 12(21.1) | 3(16.7) | 15(12.4) | A, B, C, E |
| Admitted to intensive care unit | 102(51.3) | 29(50.9) | 11(61.1) | 58(47.9) | |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | 2(1.0) | 0 | 1(5.6) | 0 | F |
| Death | 2(1.0) | 2(3.5) | 0 | 3(2.5) | A |
Abbreviation: RV, rhinovirus.
χ2 comparisons with P values < .05 are indicated with letters A–F as follows: A (enterovirus [EV] D68 vs RV-A), B (EV-D68 vs RV-B), C (EV-D68 vs RV-C), D (RV-A vs RV-B), E (RV-A vs RV-C), F (RV-B vs RV-C). The same letters in bold indicate P values < .01. Comparisons of P values for the mean number of days to hospitalization used Wilcoxon rank sum tests.
Difference between date of hospitalization and symptom onset date. Due to missing values, denominators for the 4 groups are 169, 45, 12, and 97, respectively.
Ventilation support means noninvasive ventilation, including continuous positive airway pressure and bilevel positive airway pressure or intubation.