Table 2.

Primary and Secondary Outcomes

	DPP-4i	DPP-4i + basal	Basal-bolus	P value
Number of patients	144	158	283
Mean hospital daily BG, mg/dL	171 ± 39	171 ± 42	172 ± 45	.94
Treatment failure, n (%)	24 (17%)	25 (16%)	39 (14%)	.7
% BG within target, 70–180 mg/dL	63 ± 32	60 ± 31	64 ± 28.0	.42
BG <70 mg/dL, n (%)	3 (2%)	14 (9%)	29 (10%)	.004
BG <54 mg/dL, n (%)	1 (1%)	2 (1%)	2 (1%)	>.99
BG <40 mg/dL, n (%)	1 (1%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	.25
Total insulin dose, units/day	10 ± 8	26 ± 15	29 ± 17	<.001
Glargine, units/day	0.5 ± 2	21 ± 12	17 ± 10	<.001
Rapid-acting insulin, units/day	10 ± 8	5 ± 6	13 ± 9	<.001
Patients with randomization BG <200 mg/dL
	DPP4-i	DPP4-i + basal	Basal-bolus	P value
Mean daily BG, mg/dL	158 ± 35	156 ± 34	156 ± 30	.98
Treatment failure, n (%)	10 (10%)	6 (8%)	13 (8%)	.79
% BG within target, 70–180 mg/dL	74 ± 27	70 ± 26	76 ± 20	.29
BG <70 mg/dL, n (%)	2 (2%)	8 (10%)	18 (11%)	.018
BG <54 mg/dL, n (%)	1 (1%)	1 (1%)	1 (1%)	1
BG <40 mg/dL, n (%)	1 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	.53
Total insulin dose, units/day	8 ± 6	22 ± 12	24 ± 12	<.001
Glargine, units/day	1 ± 3	18 ± 11	13 ± 8	<.001
Rapid-acting insulin, units/day	8 ± 6	4 ± 4	10 ± 8	<.001
Patients with randomization BG ≥200 mg/dL
	DPP4-i	DPP4-i + basal	Basal-bolus	P value
Mean daily BG, mg/dL	196 ± 35	190 ± 44	193 ± 52.0	.27
Treatment failure, n (%)	14 (30%)	18 (25%)	26 (22%)	.54
% BG within target, 70–180 mg/dL	40 ± 30	47 ± 31	47 ± 29	.29
BG <70 mg/dL, n (%)	1 (2%)	5 (7%)	11 (9%)	.3
BG <54 mg/dL, n (%)	0 (0%)	1 (1%)	2 (2%)	1
BG <40 mg/dL, n (%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	-
Total insulin dose, units/day	14 ± 9	30 ± 16	37 ± 18	<.001
Glargine, units/day	0.1 ± 0.6	24 ± 13	21 ± 11	<.001
Rapid-acting insulin, units/day	13 ± 9	7 ± 6	16 ± 10	<.001

Abbreviations: BG = blood glucose; DPP4-i = dipeptidyl peptidase 4-inhibitors. Treatment failure was defined as an average daily BG >240 mg/dL, or 2 consecutive values of BG >240 mg/dL.