Table 3.

Generalized estimation equation (GEE) result coefficients (β) (95% CI, lower, upper) of PM2.5 for association of TBL cancer incidence, mortality and air pollutants.

PM2.5	TBL cancer incidence in 20+	TBL cancer mortality in 20+	TBL cancer incidence in 20-54	TBL cancer mortality in 20-54	TBL cancer incidence in 55+	TBL cancer mortality in 55+
Unadjusted	0.015(0.009,0.021) *	0.016(0.010,0.023) **	0.033(0.028,0.038) ***	0.067(0.058,0.076) ***	0.031(0.026,0.036) ***	0.033(0.028,0.038) ***
Model 1	0.025(0.017,0.033) **	0.029(0.020,0.038) **	0.042(0.035,0.049) ***	0.078(0.065,0.091) ***	0.037(0.031,0.044) ***	0.042(0.035,0.049) ***
Model 2	0.017(0.013,0.022) ***	0.019(0.014,0.024) ***	0.035(0.031,0.038) ***	0.076(0.070,0.082) ***	0.033(0.029,0.036) ***	0.035(0.031,0.038) ***
Model 3	0.012(0.006,0.019) *	0.014(0.007,0.050)*	0.030(0.025,0.035) ***	0.062(0.053,0.070) ***	0.028(0.023,0.033) ***	0.030(0.025,0.035) ***
Model 4	0.015(0.010,0.020) **	0.017(0.012,0.021) ***	0.035(0.031,0.039) ***	0.079(0.072,0.085) ***	0.033(0.029,0.037) ***	0.035(0.031,0.039) ***
Model 5	0.022(0.017,0.026) ***	0.023(0.019,0.028) ***	0.039(0.035,0.043) ***	0.080(0.073,0.087) ***	0.037(0.033,0.041) ***	0.039(0.035,0.043) ***

Each of the study variables was used in the GEE with the Poisson link to explore the associations between the incidence and mortality of TBL cancer and PM2.5 as the primary exposure variable. The unadjusted variables are reported separately. In the multivariate analysis, Model 1: Each covariate and weather parameters; further adjusted for GDP, PD, Mean temperature, Annual precipitation and population density with each of the air pollutants in Model 2: PM10; Model 3: SO2; Model 4: NO2; Model 5: Ozone; “*” Indicates significant p-interaction values and is reported if p-int < 0.05; “**” Indicates significant p-interaction values and is reported if p-int < 0.01; “***” Indicates significant p-interaction values and is reported if p-int < 0.001.

Note: age groups (over 20 years, 20–54 years, and over 55 years).