Table 1.
Characteristics of Acute Respiratory Illness–Associated Emergency Department/Urgent Care Encounters by Influenza Vaccination and Test Status, VISION Network
| Characteristic | Total, No. (Column %) | Influenza Vaccination Status | Influenza Test Result | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unvaccinated, No. (Row %) |
Vaccinated, No. (Row %) |
SMDa | Negative, No. (Row %) |
Positive, No. (Row %) |
SMDa | ||
| All ED/UC events | 85 389 (100.0) | 53 137 (62.2) | 32 252 (37.8) | … | 70 905 (83.0) | 14 484 (17.0) | … |
| Influenza vaccination status | |||||||
| Unvaccinated | 53 137 (62.2) | 53 137 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | … | 42 145 (79.3) | 10 992 (20.7) | 0.357 |
| Vaccinated | 32 252 (37.8) | 0 (0.0) | 32 252 (100.0) | … | 28 760 (89.2) | 3492 (10.8) | … |
| Month of encounter | |||||||
| October 2022 | 5488 (6.4) | 4436 (80.8) | 1052 (19.2) | 0.357 | 5214 (95.0) | 274 (5.0) | 1.129 |
| November 2022 | 19 094 (22.4) | 13 487 (70.6) | 5607 (29.4) | … | 13 992 (73.3) | 5102 (26.7) | … |
| December 2022 | 23 075 (27.0) | 14 687 (63.6) | 8388 (36.4) | … | 15 634 (67.8) | 7441 (32.2) | … |
| January 2023 | 14 336 (16.8) | 8007 (55.9) | 6329 (44.1) | … | 13 027 (90.9) | 1309 (9.1) | … |
| February 2023 | 11 559 (13.5) | 6244 (54.0) | 5315 (46.0) | … | 11 326 (98.0) | 233 (2.0) | … |
| March 2023 | 11 837 (13.9) | 6276 (53.0) | 5561 (47.0) | … | 11 712 (98.9) | 125 (1.1) | … |
| Site | |||||||
| Site A | 10 315 (12.1) | 6361 (61.7) | 3954 (38.3) | 0.261 | 8092 (78.4) | 2223 (21.6) | 0.148 |
| Site B | 39 687 (46.5) | 27 163 (68.4) | 12 524 (31.6) | … | 33 712 (84.9) | 5975 (15.1) | … |
| Site C | 35 387 (41.4) | 19 613 (55.4) | 15 774 (44.6) | … | 29 101 (82.2) | 6286 (17.8) | … |
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 53 (33–71) | 43 (29–62) | 68 (50–79) | … | 55 (35–72) | 43 (28–64) | … |
| Age group, y | |||||||
| 18–64 | 55 423 (64.9) | 41 406 (74.7) | 14 017 (25.3) | 0.754 | 44 506 (80.3) | 10 917 (19.7) | 0.275 |
| ≥65 | 29 966 (35.1) | 11 731 (39.1) | 18 235 (60.9) | … | 26 399 (88.1) | 3567 (11.9) | … |
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 50 409 (59.0) | 31 129 (61.8) | 19 280 (38.2) | 0.024 | 41 896 (83.1) | 8513 (16.9) | 0.006 |
| Male | 34 980 (41.0) | 22 008 (62.9) | 12 972 (37.1) | … | 29 009 (82.9) | 5971 (17.1) | … |
| Race | |||||||
| White | 58 323 (68.3) | 35 215 (60.4) | 23 108 (39.6) | 0.203 | 49 286 (84.5) | 9037 (15.5) | 0.161 |
| Black | 6936 (8.1) | 5037 (72.6) | 1899 (27.4) | … | 5536 (79.8) | 1400 (20.2) | … |
| Otherb | 9761 (11.4) | 5592 (57.3) | 4169 (42.7) | … | 7980 (81.8) | 1781 (18.2) | … |
| Unknown | 10 369 (12.1) | 7293 (70.3) | 3076 (29.7) | … | 8103 (78.1) | 2266 (21.9) | … |
| Ethnicity | |||||||
| Hispanic | 15 376 (18.0) | 10 762 (70.0) | 4614 (30.0) | 0.158 | 12 209 (79.4) | 3167 (20.6) | 0.117 |
| Non-Hispanic | 70 013 (82.0) | 42 375 (60.5) | 27 638 (39.5) | … | 58 696 (83.8) | 11 317 (16.2) | … |
| Any medical condition | |||||||
| Yes | 28 482 (33.4) | 15 839 (55.6) | 12 643 (44.4) | 0.199 | 25 418 (89.2) | 3064 (10.8) | 0.330 |
| No | 56 907 (66.6) | 37 298 (65.5) | 19 609 (34.5) | … | 45 487 (79.9) | 11 420 (20.1) | … |
| Respiratory condition | |||||||
| Yes | 20 049 (23.5) | 11 141 (55.6) | 8908 (44.4) | 0.156 | 17 915 (89.4) | 2134 (10.6) | 0.266 |
| No | 65 340 (76.5) | 41 996 (64.3) | 23 344 (35.7) | … | 52 990 (81.1) | 12 350 (18.9) | … |
| Nonrespiratory condition | |||||||
| Yes | 16 762 (19.6) | 9220 (55.0) | 7542 (45.0) | 0.150 | 15 110 (90.1) | 1652 (9.9) | 0.270 |
| No | 68 627 (80.4) | 43 917 (64.0) | 24 710 (36.0) | … | 55 795 (81.3) | 12 832 (18.7) | … |
| Immunosuppressive condition | |||||||
| Yes | 2566 (3.0) | 1392 (54.2) | 1174 (45.8) | 0.059 | 2381 (92.8) | 185 (7.2) | 0.139 |
| No | 82 823 (97.0) | 51 745 (62.5) | 31 078 (37.5) | … | 68 524 (82.7) | 14 299 (17.3) | … |
Abbreviations: ED/UC, emergency department/urgent care; IQR, interquartile range; SMD, standardized mean difference.
An absolute SMD >0.20 indicates a nonnegligible difference in variable distributions between ED/UC encounters for vaccinated versus unvaccinated patients or for patients with positive influenza test results versus patients with negative influenza test results. For influenza vaccination status, SMD was calculated by comparing the vaccinated category versus unvaccinated.
Other race defined as any 1 of the following responses: Asian, Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native, other, multiple races.