Skip to main content
. 2024 Jul 22;38(12):2279–2288. doi: 10.1038/s41433-024-03187-x

Table 3.

Clinical presentation of endocrine dysfunction in pituitary disease [17, 38].

Hormone Excess Deficiency
Prolactin (PRL) • Amenorrhoea
• Galactorrhea
• Erectile dysfunction
• Gynecomastia
• Osteoporosis
Growth hormone (GH) • Enlarged hands and feet • Fatigue
• Frontal bossing, prognathism, enlarged nose and tongue • Weight gain
• Skin tags
• Excessive sweating
• Arthritis
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
Adrenal corticotropic hormone (ACTH) • Weight gain • Fatigue
• Round face, facial plethora • Hypotension
• Supra-clavicular fat • Weight loss
• Ecchymoses • Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain
• Muscle weakness
• Mood disorders
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) • Palpitations and arrhythmias • Weight gain
• Weight loss • Fatigue
• Tremors • Cold intolerance
• Goitre • Constipation
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) • Diabetes insipidus