Table 1.
Composition of phase 1 (5 to 7 kg), phase 2 (7 to 11 kg), and phase 3 (11 to 25 kg) basal diets
| Phase 1 (5 to 7 kg) | Phase 2 (7 to 11 kg) | Phase 3 (11 to 25 kg) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item | Control1 | LCF | Control | LCF | Control | LCF |
| Feedstuff, % | ||||||
| Corn, yellow | 39.76 | 35.75 | 50.06 | 45.21 | 67.56 | 59.97 |
| Soybean meal, 48% crude protein | 13.00 | 28.00 | 15.00 | 32.00 | 20.50 | 35.00 |
| Whey permeate | 23.00 | 23.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | – | – |
| Hydrolyzed soybean meal2 | 7.00 | – | 7.00 | – | 7.00 | – |
| Fish meal | 5.00 | 2.50 | 4.00 | 2.00 | – | – |
| Poultry meal | 5.00 | 2.50 | 5.00 | – | – | – |
| Blood plasma | 3.00 | 3.00 | – | – | – | – |
| Poultry fat | 1.30 | 2.10 | 1.20 | 2.50 | 1.00 | 1.50 |
| l-Lys HCl | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.25 |
| DL-Met | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.08 |
| l-Thr | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.05 |
| l-Trp | – | – | 0.01 | – | – | – |
| l-Val | – | 0.03 | – | 0.03 | – | – |
| Dicalcium phosphate | – | – | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.35 | 0.30 |
| Limestone | 0.70 | 0.90 | 0.45 | 1.00 | 1.15 | 1.10 |
| Vitamin premix3 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| Trace mineral premix4 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | – | – |
| Salt | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.45 |
| Supplement5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| Calculated cost per kg6, US dollars | 0.92 | 0.85 | 0.66 | 0.61 | 0.47 | 0.45 |
| Calculated composition | ||||||
| DM, % | 90.81 | 90.59 | 90.34 | 90.08 | 89.36 | 89.36 |
| ME, kcal/kg | 3,404 | 3,402 | 3,402 | 3,405 | 3,361 | 3,363 |
| Crude protein, % | 23.48 | 23.19 | 22.07 | 21.38 | 19.95 | 22.06 |
| SID7 Lys, % | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.23 | 1.23 |
| SID M + C, % | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.68 | 0.68 |
| SID Trp % | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.24 |
| SID Thr, % | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.73 | 0.73 |
| NDF, % | 4.68 | 5.55 | 5.79 | 6.74 | 7.83 | 8.33 |
| ADF, % | 1.84 | 2.52 | 2.25 | 3.01 | 3.05 | 3.59 |
| Ca, % | 0.86 | 0.79 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
| STTD8 P, % | 0.47 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.22 |
| Total P, % | 0.67 | 0.59 | 0.62 | 0.51 | 0.45 | 0.46 |
| Mannan9, % | 0.28 | 0.46 | 0.33 | 0.53 | 0.45 | 0.61 |
| Analyzed composition | ||||||
| DM, % | 89.86 | 90.14 | 89.06 | 88.77 | 86.99 | 87.42 |
| Crude protein, % | 24.66 | 24.93 | 24.58 | 25.32 | 21.69 | 24.46 |
| NDF, % | 6.98 | 7.73 | 8.01 | 7.17 | 9.88 | 12.69 |
| ADF, % | 2.22 | 3.36 | 3.49 | 3.56 | 4.43 | 3.90 |
| Ca, % | 1.22 | 1.06 | 0.97 | 0.82 | 0.74 | 0.74 |
| P, % | 0.79 | 0.66 | 0.68 | 0.55 | 0.50 | 0.57 |
1Control, control feed.
2HP300 (Hamlet Protein Inc., Findlay, OH, USA).
3The vitamin premix provided per kilogram of complete diet: 6,614 IU of vitamin A as vitamin A acetate, 992 IU of vitamin D3, 19.8 IU of vitamin E, 2.64 mg of vitamin K as menadione sodium bisulfate, 0.03 mg of vitamin B12, 4.63 mg of riboflavin, 18.52 mg of d-pantothenic acid as calcium panthonate, 24.96 mg of niacin, and 0.07 mg of biotin.
4The trace mineral premix provided per kilogram of complete diet: 33 mg of Mn as manganous oxide, 110 mg of Fe as ferrous sulfate, 110 mg of Zn as zinc sulfate, 16.5 mg of Cu as copper sulfate, 0.30 mg of I as ethylenediamine dihydroiodide, and 0.30 mg of Se as sodium selenite.
5Supplement includes 0.0 or 0.01% of β-mannanase, supplying 800 TMU/kg; all diets included phytase at 0.01%, supplying 500 phytase unit (FTU)/kg of feed. The remaining amount was added as corn to achieve 1% of the diet. Analyzed value indicates the average phytase activity (FTU/kg) of 589 ± 98 in all feeds and the average β-mannanase activity (TMU/kg) of 592 ± 8 in LCF + feeds; TMU, thermostable mannanase unit; FTU, phytase unit. The analysis of enzyme activity was conducted by BASF Corporation (Florham Park, NJ, USA).
6Tentative feed cost is estimated based on the ingredient price at North Carolina State University Feed Education Unit (Raleigh, NC, USA) as of 10/24/22.
7SID, standardized ileal digestible.
8STTD P, standardized total tract digestible phosphorus.
9Mannan content was calculated based on Hsiao et al. (2006).