Table 2:

Summary of key data published for vitamin D therapy in intermediate cardiovascular outcomes in CKD.

Outcome	Key facts
Endothelial function	• Vitamin D therapy may improve FMD compared with placebo in patients with stage 3–4 CKD [36, 37]
Arterial stiffness	• Existing trials suggest vitamin D has no effect on PWV in non-dialysis CKD patients [36, 40, 45, 72]
Vascular calcification	• No significant effect on vascular calcification in non-dialysis CKD patients [42, 43, 73, 74]
LVMI	• Vitamin D has no significant effect on LVMI in stage 3–5D CKD patients [28, 29, 44–47]