Table 3:

Summary of key data published for vitamin D therapy in bone health in CKD.

Outcome	Key facts
BMD	• Treatment with cholecalciferol and calcium may attenuate BMD loss in elderly women with stage 3b–4 CKD [50]
	• VDRA therapy may increase BMD in patients with non-dialysis CKD compared with placebo [51, 52]
Renal osteodystrophy	• VDRA therapy may improve high bone turnover disease (osteitis fibrosa) in some patients with stage 3–5D CKD, but at the risk of developing adynamic bone disease [56, 58]
	• Aiming for a lower PTH target may reduce the risk of adynamic bone disease in haemodialysis patients treated with a VDRA [59]
Fractures	• No RCTs with fracture as primary outcome
	• Uncertain whether vitamin D reduces fracture risk in CKD [2]