1. Optimal glycemic control is essential to minimize the risk of perinatal obstetric complications. [Non-randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

2. During pregnancy, regular SMBG is recommended; glycemic goals are FPG <95 mg/dL, 1-hour postprandial glucose <140 mg/dL, and 2-hour postpandial glucose <120 mg/dL. [Expert opinion, general recommendation]

3. For pregnant women with diabetes, lifestyle correction, including MNT, is recommended. [Expert opinion, general recommendation]

4. Light exercise is recommended if not contraindicated. [Expert opinion, general recommendation]

5. Initiate insulin therapy if medical nutrition and exercise therapy do not achieve glycemic goals. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

6. For pregnant women with T1DM, rtCGM device is recommended to control blood glucose levels, reduce the risks of hypoglycemia, and improve obstetric outcomes. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

7. For pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes, starting aspirin therapy of 100 mg from 12 to 16 weeks of pregnancy is considered for the prevention of preeclampsia. [Randomized controlled trial, limited recommendation]

8. Women with gestational diabetes should have the 75 g OGTT at 4 to 12 weeks after delivery and should be screened for the development of diabetes and prediabetes annually thereafter. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

9. Mothers with gestational diabetes are advised to control their weight and breastfeed after childbirth to improve metabolic risk factors. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]