1. CGM results should be analyzed using international standardized core metrics and their criteria, as well as the ambulatory glucose profile (AGP). [Non-randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

2. The clinical benefits of CGM and insulin pumps can only be expected when the user accurately uses these devices and has received education on how to appropriately apply the information obtained to glucose management. For adults who intend to use multiple daily insulin injections or insulin pumps, such education should be provided professionally and systematically through a team of diabetes specialists. [Non-randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

3. All adults with T1DM should use rtCGM as close to daily as possible to manage blood glucose levels and minimize the risk of hypoglycemia. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

4. Adults with T2DM on insulin injection regimens may use rtCGM as close to daily as possible to manage blood glucose levels. [Randomized controlled trial, limited recommendation]

5. For adults with diabetes on insulin therapy where constant use of rtCGM is not desired or available, or for adults with T2DM on noninsulin therapy, periodic use of rtCGM can be employed for blood glucose management. [Randomized controlled trial, limited recommendation]

6. Pregnant individuals with T1DM should use rtCGM as close to daily as possible to maintain optimal blood glucose levels, reduce the risk of hypoglycemia, and improve gestational outcomes. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

7. Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems should be offered to all adults with T1DM who can use the device safely to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia as well as HbA1c levels. [Randomized controlled trial, limited recommendation]

8. For adults with T1DM who are at high risk of hypoglycemia despite constant use of CGM and unable to use AID systems, sensor-augmented pumps with low-glucose suspend (LGS) feature should be used to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. [Randomized controlled trial, limited recommendation]

9. For adults with T1DM who cannot use an AID system or a sensor-augmented insulin pump, and for adults with poorlycontrolled T2DM with multiple daily insulin injections, multiple daily insulin injections and conventional insulin pumps have similar efficacy. The choice between these two treatment methods should be individualized based on each individual’s preferences, and medical and socioeconomic circumstances. [Randomized controlled trial, limited recommendation]