1. People with diabetes should receive individualized education in MNT. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

2. Education on MNT should be provided by registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) who are qualified for diabetes education. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

3. Overweight or obese adults should achieve a weight loss of at least 5% and reduce their total calorie intake to maintain it. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

4. The proportion of intake of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats should be individualized based on treatment goals and personal preferences. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

5. Eating patterns that have demonstrated long-term benefits, such as the Mediterranean style, vegetarian, low-fat, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and low-carbohydrate eating patterns, may be implemented according to personal preferences and treatment goals. [Randomized controlled trial, limited recommendation]

6. Carbohydrates should be consumed as fiber-rich whole grains, legumes, vegetables, fresh fruits, and dairy products. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

7. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is discouraged to minimize added sugar intake. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

8. Protein intake need not be limited, even in people with renal diseases. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

9. Food rich in saturated and trans fats should be replaced with food rich in unsaturated fats. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

10. Routine administration of unsaturated fat as dietary supplements is not recommended. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

11. A sodium restriction of less than 2,300 mg per day is recommended. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

12. Routine administration of micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, as dietary supplements to improve blood glucose levels is not recommended. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

13. Abstinence from alcohol, when possible, is preferable. [Expert opinion, general recommendation]

14. Insulin or insulin secretagogue users should be educated on preventing hypoglycemia when drinking alcohol. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]