1. Individualize the type, frequency, duration, and intensity of physical exercise based on the individual’s age, physical capacity, and comorbidities. [Expert opinion, general recommendation]

2. Assessment for CVD and microvascular complications and confirmation of the absence of contraindications before the start of the first training session. [Expert opinion, general recommendation]

1) People with severe retinopathy should avoid high-intensity physical exercise because they are at a high risk of retinal hemorrhage or detachment. [Expert opinion, general recommendation]

2) People with severe peripheral neuropathy or foot diseases should avoid weight-bearing exercises. [Expert opinion, general recommendation]

3) People with CVDs or those at a high risk of CVDs should avoid high-intensity physical exercise. [Expert opinion, general recommendation]

3. Preferably, a professional trainer should prescribe an appropriate exercise regimen. [Expert opinion, general recommendation]

4. Pre-exercise blood glucose levels were measured to determine the exercise method (Table 7). [Expert opinion, general recommendation]

5. Blood glucose levels were measured for hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia when the intensity or duration of exercise increased. [Expert opinion, general recommendation]

6. Engaging in both aerobic and resistance exercises is recommended. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

7. Engage in ≥150 min/week of at least moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, spread over at least 3 days per week, with less than 2 consecutive days without exercise. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

8. For physically able people with T2DM who cannot exercise as recommended because of time restrictions, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), a time-efficient alternative, is recommended. [Randomized controlled trial, limited recommendation]

9. Engage in resistance exercises at least twice a week. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]

10. Minimize time spent in sedentary behaviors and avoid prolonged sitting. [Randomized controlled trial, general recommendation]