Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Cohort Study
| Variable | Total N = 342,030 |
With cachexia n = 58,509 | Without cachexia n = 283,521 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 56.3 ± 16.0 | 56.4 ± 16.2 | 56.2 ± 16.0 | .19 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 131,218 (38.4%) | 24,010 (41.0%) | 107,208 (37.8%) | <.0001 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Alcohol abuse | 173,019 (50.6%) | 32,733 (55.9%) | 140,286 (49.5%) | <.0001 |
| Autoimmune disease | 6234 (1.8%) | 1113 (1.9%) | 5121 (1.8%) | .35 |
| Dementia | 8626 (2.5%) | 1828 (3.1%) | 6798 (2.4%) | <.0001 |
| Depression | 48,422 (14.2%) | 9111 (15.6%) | 39,311 (13.9%) | <.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 101,684 (29.7%) | 13,684 (23.4%) | 87,999 (31.0%) | <.0001 |
| Drug abuse | 21,664 (6.3%) | 3793 (6.5%) | 17,871 (6.3%) | .30 |
| Hypertension | 155,191 (45.4%) | 23,613 (40.4%) | 131,578 (46.4%) | <.0001 |
| Obesity | 44,769 (13.1%) | 8089 (13.8%) | 36,680 (12.9%) | .003 |
| PVD | 12,047 (3.5%) | 2681 (4.6%) | 9366 (3.3%) | <.0001 |
| Deficiency anemia | 123,882 (36.2%) | 27,299 (46.7%) | 96,584 (34.1%) | <.0001 |
| Blood loss | 10,329 (3.0%) | 1886 (3.2%) | 8443 (3.0%) | .03 |
| Coagulopathy | 190,397 (55.7%) | 35,502 (60.7%) | 154,895 (54.6%) | <.0001 |
| Movement disorder | 4659 (1.4%) | 715 (1.2%) | 3944 (1.4%) | .03 |
| Seizure | 15,334 (4.5%) | 2822 (4.8%) | 12,511 (4.4%) | .002 |
| Paralysis | 3408 (1.0%) | 665 (1.1%) | 2743 (1.0%) | .01 |
| Psychosis | 15,061 (4.4%) | 2415 (4.1%) | 12,647 (4.5%) | .02 |
| Pulmonary HTN | 5263 (1.5%) | 1008 (1.7%) | 4254 (1.5%) | .01 |
| CKD | 41,474 (12.1%) | 8219 (14.0%) | 33,255 (11.7%) | <.0001 |
| PUD | 12,518 (3.7%) | 2292 (3.9%) | 10,226 (3.6%) | .01 |
| CBVD (POA) | 2025 (0.6%) | 470 (0.8%) | 1555 (0.5%) | <.0001 |
| CBVD sequelae | 2542 (0.7%) | 422 (0.7%) | 2120 (0.7%) | .66 |
| Valvular disease | 7732 (2.3%) | 1328 (2.3%) | 6404 (2.3%) | .90 |
| Hospital location, n (%) | .0002 | |||
| Central metropolitan | 88,845 (26.0%) | 16,295 (27.8%) | 72,550 (25.6%) | |
| Fringe metropolitan | 83,670 (24.5%) | 13,839 (23.7%) | 69,831 (24.6%) | |
| Medium metropolitan | 78,223 (22.9%) | 12,900 (22.0%) | 65,323 (23.0%) | |
| Small metropolitan | 34,370 (10.0%) | 5907 (10.1%) | 28,464 (10.0%) | |
| Micropolitan counties | 29,406 (8.6%) | 4913 (8.4%) | 24,493 (8.6%) | |
| Other | 24,200 (7.1%) | 4057 (6.9%) | 20,143 (7.1%) | |
| Socioeconomic status, n (%) | <.0001 | |||
| Low status | 110,349 (32.3%) | 17,996 (30.8%) | 92,353 (32.6%) | |
| Median status | 94,376 (27.6%) | 16,036 (27.4%) | 78,340 (27.6%) | |
| 50–75 percentile | 79,936 (23.4%) | 13,791 (23.6%) | 66,145 (23.3%) | |
| 75–100 percentile | 51,774 (15.1%) | 9804 (16.8%) | 41,970 (14.8%) | |
CBVD, cerebrovascular disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HTN, hypertension; POA, present on admission; PUD, peptic ulcer disease; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; SD, standard deviation.