Table 4.
Baseline characteristics of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 66 years and older with cardiogenic shock in the 25 largest CBSAs with mLVAD programs.
| Total | Receiving mLVAD | Not receiving mLVAD | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with cardiogenic shock, n | 284,277 | 5077 | 279,200 |
| Age, y | 79.4 ± 8.5 | 75.9 ± 7 | 79.4 ± 8.5 |
| Male sex | 57.6 | 66.2 | 55.7 |
| Race and ethnicity | |||
| White | 71.5 | 71.9 | 71.5 |
| Black | 13.7 | 9.6 | 13.7 |
| Asian | 3.8 | 5 | 3.8 |
| Hispanic | 8.9 | 10.7 | 8.8 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 62.1 | 38.2 | 62.5 |
| Hypertension | 80.7 | 68.6 | 80.9 |
| Diabetes | 47.9 | 51.4 | 47.9 |
| Stroke | 6.8 | 5.8 | 6.9 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 29.5 | 28.7 | 29.5 |
| Kidney disease | 56.7 | 49.5 | 56.8 |
| Liver disease | 7.8 | 6.3 | 7.8 |
| Region | |||
| Midwest | 21.2 | 18.7 | 21.3 |
| Northeast | 27.4 | 26.5 | 27.4 |
| South | 28.4 | 28.1 | 28.4 |
| West | 23 | 26.8 | 22.9 |
| Elixhauser comorbidities, n | 7 (4-10) | 5 (3-8) | 7 (4-10) |
| Weighted AHRQ comorbidity score | 22 (11-32) | 18 (10-28) | 22 (11-32) |
| Proportion of patients dually eligible for Medicaid | 20.3 | 15.3 | 20.4 |
| Household income, $ | 60,230 (45,467-80,339) | 61,419 (45,826-81,345) | 60,230 (45,417-80,339) |
| Distressed communities index score | 30.6 (13.3-57.7) | 29.7 (12.4-56.0) | 30.6 (13.4-57.7) |
Vales are %, mean ± SD, or median (IQR).
AHRQ, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; CBSA, core-based statistical area; mLVAD, microaxial left ventricular assist device.