Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| Characteristics | All training |
Non HCC training |
HCC training |
All validation |
Non HCC validation |
HCC validation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 1561 | n = 1334 | n = 227 | n = 686 | n = 510 | N = 176 | |
| Demographics, n (%) | ||||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 27 (2%) | 23 (2%) | 4 (2%) | 7 (1%) | 5 (1%) | 2 (1%) |
| Asian | 211 (14%) | 168 (12%) | 43 (19%) | 169 (25%) | 127 (25%) | 42 (24%) |
| Black/African American | 99 (6%) | 82 (6%) | 17 (7%) | 57 (8%) | 46 (9%) | 11 (6%) |
| Multi-race | 26 (2%) | 26 (2%) | - | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 11 (1%) | 10 (1%) | 1 (0.4%) | 6 (1%) | 5 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
| Other | 228 (15%) | 192 (14%) | 36 (16%) | 104 (15%) | 77(15%) | 27 (15%) |
| Unknown | 39 (3%) | 37 (3%) | 2 (1%) | 13 (2%) | 11 (2%) | 2 (1%) |
| White | 920 (59%) | 796 (60%) | 124 (55%) | 330 (48%) | 239 (47%) | 91 (52%) |
| Female, n (%) | 742 (48%) | 666 (50%) | 76 (33%) | 272 (40%) | 222 (44%) | 50 (28%) |
| Age, mean ± SD | 68 ± 12 | 67 ± 9 | 72 ± 9 | 70 ± 10 | 70 ± 8 | 72 ± 9 |
| Hispanic | 261 (17%) | 220 (17%) | 41 (18%) | 110 (16%) | 81 (16%) | 29 (16%) |
| Past medical history | ||||||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 942 (60%) | 814 (61%) | 128 (56%) | 412 (60%) | 312 (61%) | 100 (57%) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1362 (87%) | 1152 (86%) | 210 (93%) | 646 (94%) | 479 (94%) | 167 (95%) |
| Obesity, n (%) | 664 (43%) | 587 (44%) | 77 (34%) | 287 (42%) | 225 (44%) | 62 (35%) |
| Laboratory (mean ± SD) | ||||||
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 86.46 ± 25.98 | 85.64 ± 25.73 | 91.31 ± 26.64 | 87.52 ± 27.46 | 85.35 ± 26.41 | 93.85 ± 29.23 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.94 ± 0.27 | 0.94 ± 0.21 | 0.94 ± 0.29 | 0.94 ± 0.27 | 0.94 ± 0.21 | 0.95 ± 0.30 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 14.77 ± 4.89 | 14.78 ± 4.94 | 14.71 ± 4.62 | 14.79 ± 4.20 | 14.90 ± 4.14 | 14.48 ± 4.35 |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 137.58 ± 2.44 | 137.55 ± 2.47 | 137.79 ± 2.27 | 138.10 ± 2.22 | 138.11 ± 2.32 | 138.07 ± 1.95 |
| Potassium, mEq/L | 4.08 ± 0.34 | 4.08 ± 0.35 | 4.11 ± 0.33 | 4.09 ± 0.34 | 4.10 ± 0.34 | 4.09 ± 0.34 |
| Prothrombin time/international normalized ratio | 1.35 ± 0.17 | 1.13 ± 0.17 | 1.17 ± 0.15 | 1.13 ± 0.15 | 1.13 ± 0.16 | 1.15 ± 0.14 |
| Albumin, g/L | 3.67 ± 0.46 | 3.70 ± 0.45 | 3.52 ± 0.49 | 3.73 ± 0.45 | 3.77 ± 0.44 | 3.60 ± 0.45 |
| Chloride, mmol/L | 103.22 ± 3.01 | 103.09 ± 2.99 | 104.01 ± 3.02 | 103.70 ± 2.81 | 103.59 ± 2.8 | 104.03 ± 2.86 |
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.07 ± 0.51 | 1.05 ± 0.51 | 1.20 ± 0.53 | 1.10 ± 0.53 | 1.07 ± 0.52 | 1.22 ± 0.55 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 165.43 ± 35.52 | 166.89 ± 35.75 | 156.88 ± 32.90 | 167.07 ± 32.87 | 169.03 ± 33.40 | 161.37 ± 30.50 |
| FIB-4 score, n (%) | ||||||
| 0–1.3 | 251 (16%) | 243 (18%) | 8 (4%) | 73 (11%) | 65 (13%) | 8 (5%) |
| 1.3–2.67 | 536 (34%) | 484 (36%) | 52 (23%) | 239 (35%) | 200 (39%) | 39 (22%) |
| >2.67 | 774 (50%) | 607 (46%) | 167 (74%) | 374 (55%) | 245 (48%) | 129 (73%) |