Table 1.
Baseline clinical and procedural characteristics of patients undergoing coronary protection stratified by the type of valve implanted.
| Characteristics | Balloon-expandable valves (n = 135) | Self-expanding valves (n = 101) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 80.3 ± 9.4 | 80.2 ± 7.6 | .93 |
| Male sex | 53/135 (39.2%) | 22/101 (21.7%) | .07 |
| Hypertension | 116/135 (85.9%) | 77/101 (76.2%) | .82 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.9 ± 4.8 | 25.0 ± 4.6 | .81 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 32/135 (23.7%) | 16/101 (15.8%) | <.001 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 28/135 (20.7%) | 6/101 (5.9%) | .52 |
| Prior PCI | 31/135 (23.0%) | 19/101 (18.8%) | .51 |
| Prior CABG | 18/135 (13.3%) | 24/101 (23.7%) | .57 |
| Prior stroke | 12/135 (8.9%) | 3/101 (2.9%) | .11 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 58/135 (43.0%) | 40/101 (39.6%) | .70 |
| LVEF, % | 55.9 ± 12.2 | 53.9 ± 12.2 | .21 |
| NYHA class III-IV | 115/135 (85.2%) | 77/101 (76.2%) | .11 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 40/135 (29.6%) | 26/101 (25.7%) | .69 |
| Coronary artery disease | 74/135 (54.8%) | 55/101 (57.8%) | .02 |
| Single vessel disease | 24/74 (32.4%) | 15/33 (45.5%) | |
| Double vessel disease | 22/74 (29.7%) | 14/33 (42.2%) | |
| Triple vessel disease | 18/74 (24.3%) | 4/33 (12.2%) | |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 32/135 (23.7%) | 17/101 (16.8%) | .38 |
| STS score | 8.4 ± 8.4 | 7.0 ± 4.4 | .12 |
| EuroSCORE II | 10.5 ± 10.5 | 10.6 ± 8.8 | .95 |
| Valve-in-valve procedure | 52/135 (38.5%) | 71/101 (70.2%) | <.001 |
| Preprocedural AVA, mm2 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 3.3 | .87 |
| Preprocedural MG, mm Hg | 40.1 ± 17.0 | 40.5 ± 21.6 | .86 |
| Postprocedural AVA, mm2 | 1.4 ± 3.6 | 1.2 ± 3.8 | .26 |
| Postprocedural MG, mm Hg | 14.6 ± 7.8 | 16.8 ± 9.6 | .05 |
| Residual PV leak (moderate or severe) | 7/135 (5.2%) | 6/101 (5.9%) | .97 |
| Left coronary height, mm | 9.6 ± 4.1 | 8.3 ± 3.4 | .02 |
| Right coronary height, mm | 12.2 ± 4.6 | 10.3 ± 3.9 | .04 |
| Right coronary sinus width, mm | 28.1 ± 5.4 | 25.1 ± 5.3 | .02 |
| Left coronary sinus width, mm | 28.9 ± 4.6 | 26.0 ± 5.2 | .07 |
| Noncoronary sinus width, mm | 28.6 ± 5.0 | 25.6 ± 5.0 | .03 |
Values are mean ± standard deviation or n/N (%).
AVA, aortic valve area; CABG, coronary arterty bypass grafting; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MG, mean gradient; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PV, paravalvular; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons.