Figure 1.

a) Schematic illustration (I) and SEM image (II) of mushroom-like NH₂-MIL-53(Al) MOF synthesis through interfacial epitaxial growth. Adapted with permission from ref (4). Copyright 2013, American Chemical Society. b) Schematic illustration of Janus MOF crystals preparation, where ZIF-8 crystals are partially embedded in PMMA (blue). Subsequent modification of the exposed portion and polymer removal affords Janus particles. Reprinted with permission from ref (18). Copyright 2014, Royal Society of Chemistry. c) Schematic illustration of the fluid interface-assisted assembly approach via surface tension changes in the solvent (I), and MOF superstructures obtained through the well-known LB method (II). d) Scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) image of the UiO-66 crystal superstructure on a silicon substrate (I), and the cross-sectional SEM image taken after 1–3 repetitions of the procedure (II). Adapted with permission from ref (22). Copyright 2013, John Wiley and Sons.