Table.
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics Between Controls and Patients Within Each LVL Group
| Factor | Controls |
Grade of LVL |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A |
B |
C |
P | ||||||
| (n = 1022) | (n = 50) | (n = 174) | (n = 106) | ||||||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Men—n (%) | 610 | (59.7) | 31 | (62.0) | 148 | (85.1) | 99 | (93.4) | |
| Women—n (%) | 412 | (40.3) | 19 | (38.0) | 26 | (14.9) | 7 | (6.6) | <.0001 |
| P vs controls | – | .77 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||||
| Age (y)—n (%) | |||||||||
| 40–59 | 560 | (54.8) | 11 | (22.0) | 30 | (17.2) | 21 | (19.8) | |
| 60–69 | 400 | (39.1) | 18 | (36.0) | 64 | (36.8) | 59 | (55.7) | |
| 70+ | 62 | (6.1) | 21 | (42.0) | 80 | (46.0) | 26 | (24.5) | <.0001 |
| P vs controls | – | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 58.8 | (7.3) | 66.4 | (9.9) | 67.7 | (8.6) | 64.8 | (6.5) | <.0001 |
| P vs controls | – | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||||
| Sex–age-adjusted % or mean | |||||||||
| Alcohol drinkinga,b—n (%) | |||||||||
| Never/rare | 397 | (38.6) | 19 | (25.9) | 14 | (7.9) | 2 | (4.7) | |
| Light | 300 | (30.3) | 7 | (13.8) | 40 | (21.4) | 8 | (8.9) | |
| Moderate | 192 | (21.3) | 11 | (27.8) | 51 | (30.9) | 28 | (25.5) | |
| Heavy | 110 | (8.3) | 10 | (27.7) | 44 | (26.2) | 62 | (52.8) | |
| Ex-drinker | 23 | (1.4) | 3 | (4.7) | 25 | (13.6) | 6 | (8.2) | <.0001 |
| P vs controls | – | .0006 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||||
| Mean (SE) | 5.9 | (0.4) | 9.5 | (1.5) | 13.9 | (0.8) | 20.4 | (1.0) | <.0001 |
| P vs controls | – | .020 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||||
| Strong alcoholic beveragesa,c n (%) | |||||||||
| Frequently | 15 | (2.2) | 2 | (6.7) | 20 | (11.8) | 13 | (12.2) | |
| Sometimes | 106 | (13.0) | 7 | (15.1) | 34 | (20.1) | 29 | (23.2) | |
| Never | 895 | (84.7) | 41 | (78.2) | 120 | (68.1) | 64 | (64.6) | <.0001 |
| P vs controls | – | .23 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||||
| Smoking (pack-years)a—n (%) | |||||||||
| 0 | 512 | (37.4) | 19 | (22.7) | 26 | (14.8) | 11 | (12.4) | |
| <30 | 219 | (28.2) | 14 | (36.2) | 35 | (19.3) | 17 | (16.6) | |
| ≥30 | 291 | (34.4) | 17 | (41.1) | 113 | (65.9) | 78 | (71.0) | <.0001 |
| P vs controls | – | .066 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||||
| High-temperature fooda,c—n (%) | |||||||||
| Likes very much | 47 | (4.7) | 8 | (18.4) | 34 | (20.8) | 17 | (20.6) | |
| Likes somewhat | 240 | (21.5) | 14 | (24.5) | 44 | (25.1) | 29 | (24.0) | |
| Neither likes nor dislikes | 590 | (60.0) | 22 | (45.8) | 74 | (41.8) | 42 | (36.8) | |
| Dislikes somewhat | 110 | (9.8) | 5 | (9.3) | 18 | (9.9) | 15 | (15.9) | |
| Dislikes very much | 25 | (3.9) | 1 | (2.0) | 4 | (2.3) | 3 | (2.7) | <.0001 |
| P vs controls | – | .008 | <.0001 | .0008 | |||||
| Green and yellow vegetablesa,c—n (%) | |||||||||
| Seldom | 7 | (0.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 6 | (3.8) | 2 | (2.1) | |
| 1–2 d/mo | 24 | (1.8) | 2 | (3.8) | 10 | (5.7) | 7 | (5.5) | |
| 1–2 d/wk | 187 | (16.9) | 9 | (20.5) | 29 | (16.5) | 37 | (35.3) | |
| 3–4 d/wk | 346 | (36.2) | 12 | (27.7) | 49 | (29.0) | 31 | (28.4) | |
| Almost every day | 455 | (44.7) | 27 | (48.0) | 80 | (45.1) | 29 | (28.7) | <.0001 |
| P vs controls | – | .76 | .030 | <.0001 | |||||
| Fruita,c—n (%) | |||||||||
| Seldom | 38 | (2.2) | 5 | (11.1) | 16 | (9.6) | 16 | (12.8) | |
| 1–2 d/mo | 63 | (5.9) | 2 | (5.2) | 25 | (15.2) | 14 | (12.6) | |
| 1–2 d/wk | 230 | (20.7) | 15 | (33.4) | 39 | (22.9) | 34 | (33.1) | |
| 3–4 d/wk | 227 | (22.8) | 13 | (26.2) | 35 | (20.2) | 18 | (17.0) | |
| Almost every day | 450 | (48.5) | 15 | (24.1) | 59 | (32.0) | 24 | (24.5) | <.0001 |
| P vs controls | – | .0002 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||||
| Alcohol flushinga,c—n (%) | |||||||||
| Never flushing | 541 | (45.2) | 20 | (35.2) | 56 | (31.5) | 44 | (40.6) | |
| Flushing | 475 | (54.8) | 30 | (64.8) | 118 | (68.5) | 62 | (59.4) | .0005 |
| P vs controls | – | .23 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||||
SD, standard deviation.
a
Percentage values were adjusted for sex and age by a direct method (using all cancer cases as the standard population) and evaluated statistically using the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test. Mean values were adjusted for sex and age and statistically tested using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).
b
Never/rare, <1 unit/wk; light, 1–8.9 units/wk; moderate, 9–17.9 units/wk; heavy, ≥18 units/wk (1 unit = 22 grams of ethanol).
c
The number of controls does not add up to 1022 because of missing values.