Table 4.
The effects of delivering maternal cash transfer on women and children’s behavior
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother | Child | ||||||
| Tot. Food consumption | Index of hand-washing behaviour | Prop. of mothers with at least 4 ANC visits | Prop. of children ever breastfed | Prop. of children received colostrum | Any illness (2 weeks) | ||
| GOV | 378.589 (967.708) | 0.173 (0.339) | −0.063 (0.044) | 0.004 (0.004) | 0.012 (0.011) | −0.051** (0.022) | |
| Wild P-value | 0.740 | 0.697 | 0.319 | 0.609 | 0.479 | 0.106 | |
| Observations | 661 | 661 | 574 | 630 | 630 | 630 | |
| Mean NGO | 22 696.60 | 3.07 | 0.86 | 0.99 | 0.95 | 0.97 | |
| Clusters | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | |
Notes: The table presents Ordinary Least Squares estimates of the effects of delivering the maternal cash transfer program through government health workers (GOV) compared to an NGO on mothers and children’s behavior. The sample includes the matched villages: 22 from GOV and 22 from NGO. Outcomes include a numerical index (1 to 9) of hand washing practices combining whether mothers report always washing hands after cleaning a baby’s bottom, after using the toilet, before preparing and eating food, before feeding children, after disposing of baby feces, before and after handling children, and on other occasions (1); the proportion of mothers receiving at least 4 Antenatal Care visits with skilled health personnel, as defined by WHO standards (2); total food consumption, winsorized at the 99th percentile level (in last 7 days, in MMK, 3); the proportion of children ever breastfed (4); the proportion of children who received colostrum (4); the proportion of children with any illness in the past two weeks (6). Controls include (i) individual demographic controls, including child’s sex and age, mother’s age and education, and head of household’s age and education for child-level analysis; mother’s age and education, and head of household’s age and education for mother-level analysis; (ii) village-level controls, including distance to large and small markets, main source of livelihood (agriculture, livestock, or casual labor), availability of government provided electricity, and participation in a concurrent WASH intervention. Standard errors are clustered at the cluster level. Wild bootstrapped (9999 reps) P-values are presented to take into account the small number of clusters. ***P <0.01, **P <0.05, *P <0.1.