| Exercise intervention (EI) |
| Warm-up (10 min) |
A warm-up includes a range of stretch exercises, such as stretching arms, back and trunk and stretching hamstrings and calves. |
Stretching arms and back. |
| Stretching the trunk. |
| Knee-straightening exercise. |
| Stretching the hamstrings. |
| Aerobic training (15 min) |
Aerobic training involves shoulder exercises, hip abduction or extensions and thighs raising. |
Hip extension and shoulder raising. |
| Hip abduction and shoulder raising. |
| Thighs raising and shoulder exercise. |
| Bilateral arm flexion movements. |
| Resistance training (15 min) |
Resistance training involves squats, twists exercise |
Standing/seated resistance band pulldown (Y→W). |
| Standing/Sitting resistance band pulldown (Y→T). |
| Squats. |
| Twists exercise. |
| Mind-body training (6 min) |
Mind-body training comprises marching while sitting and attention task and marching in place and attention inhibition task. |
Marching while sitting or standing and simultaneously completing attention and inhibition task: Specifically, participants are instructed to step and clap their hands on multiples of three while counting the number of steps, or to stop counting aloud at that time on multiples of three (3, 6, 9…). |
| Cool-down (10 min) |
A cool-down includes self-massage, breathing, stretching, walking and other relaxing exercises. |
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| Cognitive intervention (CI) |
| Memory (4 min) |
Memorise and identify targets to enhance memory abilities and reduce the risk of age-related cognitive decline or other neurological disorders. |
Memorise and identify the teapots. |
| Memorise and identify locations where the groundhogs appear. |
| Executive function (6 min) |
Determine the object’s category and make a decision to effectively enhance ability to handle multiple tasks simultaneously and elevate levels of executive functioning. |
Determine whether the falling object is a fruit or a vegetable. |
| Eradicate harmful substances and safeguard the brain. |
| Attention (4 min) |
Focus on targets and select the same target numbers or objects to enhance sustained attention and reaction speed. |
Select the balloons with the same target number. |
| Purchase the corresponding items based on the shopping list. |
| Sensory (5 min) |
Enhance perception of length/distance or spatial orientation perception and reduce the risk of age-related cognitive decline or other neurological disorders. |
Cut suitable lengths of tree trunks to build bridges and help monkeys cross the river. |
| Determine whether the approaching palm is a left palm or a right palm. |
| Health education (HE) |
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Participants will receive cognitive health education consistent with public health recommendations (eg, knowing more about mild cognitive impairment and healthy lifestyle promotion). |
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