Table 2:
Body mass index difference between children unexposed to intrapartum antibiotics (None), children exposed to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis as recommended for the prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease (GBS) and any other type or duration of intrapartum antibiotic administration (Other) stratified by delivery mode.
| Vaginal delivery | Cesarean delivery | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||
| Child’s age (years) | None (BMI, kg/m2) | GBS (Δ BMI, kg/m2) | Other (Δ BMI, kg/m2) | Other (BMI, kg/m2) | GBS (Δ BMI, kg/m2) |
|
| |||||
| Total cohort, N | 113693 | 31263 | 11425 | 58684 | 8366 |
| Crude model | Reference | Reference | |||
| 0.0 | 13.35 (0.004) | −0.36 (−0.38, −0.34) | −0.26 (−0.29, −0.23) | 13.29 (0.007) | −0.37 (−0.41, −0.32) |
| 1.0 | 17.29 (0.005) | 0.05 (0.03, 0.07) | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.05) | 17.46 (0.007) | 0.04 (0.00, 0.08) |
| 2.0 | 16.53 (0.005) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.06) | 0.01 (−0.03, 0.04) | 16.69 (0.007) | 0.07 (0.03, 0.11) |
| 3.0 | 16.23 (0.006) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.08) | 0.01 (−0.03, 0.04) | 16.43 (0.008) | 0.08 (0.04, 0.13) |
| 4.0 | 16.11 (0.007) | 0.08 (0.05, 0.11) | 0.01 (−0.03, 0.05) | 16.35 (0.010) | 0.12 (0.06, 0.18) |
| 5.0 | 16.03 (0.010) | 0.09 (0.04, 0.13) | 0.00 (−0.07, 0.07) | 16.31 (0.015) | 0.18 (0.09, 0.28) |
| Birth Model (adjusting for covariates through delivery) # | |||||
| 0.0 | 13.25 (0.014) | −0.31 (−0.33, −0.29) | −0.20 (−0.23, −0.18) | 13.11 (0.021) | −0.31 (−0.36, −0.27) |
| 1.0 | 17.17 (0.014) | 0.08 (0.06, 0.10) | 0.07 (0.04, 0.10) | 17.25 (0.021) | 0.09 (0.05, 0.13) |
| 2.0 | 16.40 (0.014) | 0.07 (0.05, 0.09) | 0.06 (0.02, 0.09) | 16.49 (0.021) | 0.12 (0.07, 0.16) |
| 3.0 | 16.11 (0.014) | 0.09 (0.07, 0.12) | 0.06 (0.02, 0.09) | 16.23 (0.021) | 0.13 (0.08, 0.18) |
| 4.0 | 15.98 (0.014) | 0.12 (0.09, 0.15) | 0.06 (0.01, 0.10) | 16.15 (0.022) | 0.16 (0.10, 0.23) |
| 5.0 | 15.91 (0.016) | 0.12 (0.07, 0.16) | 0.05 (−0.02, 0.12) | 16.12 (0.025) | 0.23 (0.13, 0.33) |
| Full Model (adjusting for covariates through childhood) $ | |||||
| 0.0 | 13.38 (0.015) | −0.31 (−0.33, −0.29) | −0.20 (−0.23, −0.17) | 13.23 (0.023) | −0.31 (−0.35, −0.27) |
| 1.0 | 17.30 (0.015) | 0.09 (0.06, 0.10) | 0.08 (0.04, 0.11) | 17.37 (0.023) | 0.10 (0.05, 0.14) |
| 2.0 | 16.51 (0.015) | 0.07 (0.05, 0.10) | 0.06 (0.03, 0.09) | 16.56 (0.023) | 0.12 (0.08, 0.17) |
| 3.0 | 16.20 (0.016) | 0.10 (0.07, 0.12) | 0.06 (0.03, 0.10) | 16.26 (0.024) | 0.14 (0.09, 0.19) |
| 4.0 | 16.05 (0.016) | 0.12 (0.09, 0.15) | 0.07 (0.02, 0.11) | 16.15 (0.025) | 0.17 (0.11, 0.23) |
| 5.0 | 15.97 (0.018) | 0.12 (0.07, 0.16) | 0.06 (−0.01, 0.12) | 16.09 (0.028) | 0.24 (0.14, 0.34) |
Birth Model (covariates through delivery) adjustment for demographics, maternal and birth-related factors included infant sex, gestational age at birth, birth weight, infant’s race/ethnicity (White, Black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, other or unknown), year of birth, medical center of birth, maternal education, parity, maternal diabetes, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal gestational weight gain, maternal smoking during pregnancy, antepartum antibiotic exposure.
Full Model (covariates through childhood) adjustment included previously listed Birth Model variables plus neonatal antibiotic exposure, breastfeeding, indirect antibiotic exposure during breastfeeding, and childhood antibiotic exposure.
Sensitivity analysis cohort excludechildren with a birth weight above and below the 5th percentile, born before 37th week of gestation, infants with a positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid culture in first 72 hours with > 5 days of antibiotic therapy, prolonged birth admission (ICU admission > 5 days or total stay > 7 days, infants with any pediatric complex care conditions during follow-up.