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. 2024 Jan 12;37(1):13–19. doi: 10.20408/jti.2023.0061

Table 1.

General characteristics of patients who visited the ED due to trauma

Variable Hypotension (n=39) Nonhypotension (n=511) Total (n=550) P-value
Sex 0.501
 Male 25 (64.1) 300 (58.7) 325 (59.1)
 Female 14 (35.9) 211 (41.3) 225 (40.9)
Age (yr) 59 (39.0–73.0) 65 (50.0–79.0) 64 (48.8–79.0) <0.001
Vital sign
 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 70 (0–85.0) 135 (118.0–150.0) 132 (112.8–150.0) 0.166
 Respiratory rate (breaths/min) 20 (20–24) 20 (20–20) 20 (20–20) <0.001
 Heart rate (beats/min) 88 (80–108) 86 (76–99) 86 (76–99) 0.049
 Body temperature (ºC) 36.0 (35.4–36.5) 36.7 (36.4–37.0) 36.6 (36.3–37.0) 0.114
 SpO2 (%) 96 (92–98) 98 (96–98) 98 (96–98) <0.001
 Glasgow Coma Scale 15 (13–15) 15 (15–15) 15 (15–15) <0.001
Transport method 0.006
 Public EMS 31 (79.5) 295 (57.7) 326 (59.3)
 Private ambulance service 3 (7.7) 66 (12.9) 69 (12.5)
 Other vehicles, walk-in, or unknown 5 (12.8) 150 (29.4) 155 (28.2)
Laboratory result
 Hemoglobin (g/dL) 11.7 (8.7–13.3) 13.0 (11.4–14.2) 13.0 (11.2–14.1) <0.001
 White blood cells (10³/μL) 11.5 (8.2–17.4) 8.5 (6.4–11.8) 8.8 (6.6–11.9) <0.001
 Lactic acid (mmol/L) 3.9 (2.2–7.5) 1.7 (1.1–2.4) 1.7 (1.2–2.6) <0.001
 Procalcitonin (ng/mL) 0.1 (0.04–1.30) 0.1 (0.04–0.40) 0.1 (0.04–0.40) 0.749
 C-reactive protein (mg/L) 1.2 (0.6–6.4) 1.9 (0.5–18.4) 1.8 (0.5–16.9) 0.425
 Presepsin (pg/mL) 566 (413.0–789.0) 404 (293.0–544.0) 409 (294.0–564.3) <0.001
Trauma score
 Injury Severity Score 17 (6–27) 4 (1–10) 5 (1–10) <0.001
 Revised Trauma Score 6.4 (5.2–7.1) 7.8 (7.8–7.8) 7.8 (7.8–7.8) <0.001
 Trauma Injury Severity Score 93.8 (36.0–97.4) 98.3 (96.8–99.4) 98.3 (96.8–99.4) <0.001
Mechanism of accident -
 Blunt trauma 2 (5.1) 55 (10.8) 57 (10.4)
 Same level falling 6 (15.4) 165 (32.3) 171 (31.1)
 Falling 7 (17.9) 104 (20.4) 111 (20.2)
 Car accident 1 (2.6) 23 (4.5) 24 (4.4)
 Motorbike rider 1(2.6) 21 (4.1) 22 (4.0)
 Bicycle and nonmotor transportation 4 (10.3) 31 (6.1) 35 (6.4)
 Penetrating injury 8 (20.5) 43 (8.4) 51 (9.3)
 Other 10 (25.6) 69 (13.5) 79 (14.4)
Operation 14 (35.9) 126 (24.7) 140 (25.5) 0.120
ED treatment result 0.003
 Admission 28 (71.8) 236 (46.2) 264 (48.0)
 Transfer 3 (7.7) 60 (11.7) 63 (11.5)
 Discharge 7 (17.9) 213 (41.7) 220 (40.0)
 Died 1 (2.6) 2 (0.4) 3 (0.5)

Values are presented as number (%) or median (interquartile range). Percentages may not total 100 due to rounding.

ED, emergency department; SpO2, saturation of peripheral oxygen; EMS, emergency medical services.