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. 2024 May 27;115(8):2673–2685. doi: 10.1111/cas.16204

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

HK2 promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. (A) HK2 was depleted in the indicated cells by expressing HK2 shRNA. (B) Indicated cells were cultured in the presence or absence of 3‐bromopyruvate (3‐BP) (25 μM) for the indicated time. Cell proliferation was examined using a Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay. Data are presented as the means ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. (C) Indicated PANC‐1 and AsPC‐1 cells were plated for 2 weeks in the presence or absence of 3‐BP (25 μM) before counting colony numbers. Data are presented as the means ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3). **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. (D) The migration and invasion of the indicated cells in the presence or absence of 3‐BP (25 μM) were examined by transwell assay. The membrane was photographed using a digital camera mounted onto a microscope. Scale bars, 50 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SD *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.