FIGURE 6.

HK2 nonmetabolic functions promote PDAC development in vivo. (A–D) PANC‐1 cells with depleted HK2 and reconstituted expression of WT rHK2, rHK2 D209/D657A, or KD were intracranially injected into athymic nude mice. Tumor growth was examined 21 days after injection. Representative tumor xenografts were shown (n = 6 mice per group) (A). Tumor weights were calculated (B). Tumor growth was measured every other day beginning on day 6, and tumor volumes were calculated (C). Immunohistochemical analyses of tumor sections with the indicated antibodies were performed. Representative images are shown (D). Scale bar, 10 mm. The percentages of Ki67‐, c‐Myc‐, and IκBα pT291‐positive cells were calculated. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.