Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2024 Aug 8;15:6784. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-51115-0

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2024, corrected publication 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — a The solar-to-vapor processes and the corresponding energy efficiency. b Schematic diagram of case 1–5 SWE devices. Case 1 is a reference system without solar evaporators. Case 2 includes solar evaporators. Case 3 further pumps vapor out through a condensing tube for forced condensation with additional photovoltaics. Case 4 uses coated glass (condensation-enhanced) to condense the water without external energy input. Case 5 integrates both the condensing tube (powered by photovoltaics) and condensation-enhanced glass for condensation. c Daily safely managed drinking water (SMDW) yield of all cases during a 100-day successive pilot study. d Statistical distribution of the solar energy utilization efficiency of all cases. e Redundancy analysis (RDA) between the meteorological parameters and the SMDW yield.