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. 2024 Jul 31;13(15):1294. doi: 10.3390/cells13151294

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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FGF-2 promotes EMT in oral mucosa. Arrows symbolize directions of connections. Abbreviations: AKT, protein kinase B; CSCs, cancer stem cells; EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; GLUT, glucose transporter protein; HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases; OSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma; SNAI, zinc finger snail homolog; TWIST, basic helix–loop–helix twist homolog; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; ZEB, zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox. Created with BioRender.com.