AD	Alzheimer’s disease
AHN	adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Alix protein	ALG2-interacting protein X
ATXN1	Ataxin 1
Aβ	beta-amyloid
BACE1	β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1
BBB	blood–brain barrier
BD	bipolar disorder
BDNF	brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BMECs	brain macrovascular endothelial cells
C3	complement component 3
ccf-mtDNA	circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA
CCNA2	Cyclin A2
CCR2	C-C motif chemokine receptor 2
CHEK1	Checkpoint Kinase 1
circRNAs	circular RNAs
CNS	central nervous system
COX6A2	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2
CREB	cAMP response element-binding protein
CSF	cerebrospinal fluid
CXCR4	C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4
DAMP	damage-associated molecular pattern
Drosha-DGCR8	DiGeorge syndrome Critical Region gene 8
ETC	electron transport chain
ESCRT	endosomal sorting complex required for transport
EV	extracellular vesicle
GABA	gamma-aminobutyric acid
GAC	glutaminase C
HD	Huntington’s disease
Hsp70	heat shock protein 70
HTT	Huntingtin
IFNα	interferon alpha
IL1R2	interleukin 1 receptor type II
IL-1β	interleukin-1β
ILV	intraluminal vesicle
KLF4	Krüppel-like factor 4
L1CAM	L1 cell adhesion molecule
lncRNA	long non-coding RNA
MAP1b	microtubule-associated protein 1B
MAPK pathway	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MDD	major depressive disorder
MFN2	Mitofusin 2
mHTT	mutant Huntingtin
miRNA	microRNA
mitomiR	mitochondrial miRNA
MV	microvesicle
MVB	multivesicular body
ncRNA	non-coding RNA
NF-Κb	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NMDAR-C	N-methyl D-aspartate receptor C
OXPHOS	oxidative phosphorylation
P2RX7	purinergic receptor P2X 7
PGC-1α	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α
PLP	proteolipid protein
PRKN	Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin ligase
PrP	prion protein
RISC	RNA-mediated silencing complex
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SCZ	schizophrenia
SNARE protein	SNAP receptor protein
SNP	single nucleotide polymorphism
TBP	TATA-binding protein
TNF-a	tumor necrosis factor alpha
TRBP	transactivation-responsive RNA binding protein
TSG101	tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein
UTR	untranslated region
Wnt pathway	Wingless-related integration site