Table 2.

Conditions that aggravate biofilm infection after soft tissue filler injection.

Conditions Aggravating Biofilm Infection
1. Allergy and normal foreign body reaction.
2. Improper disinfection of skin.
3. Pathogen existing normally on skin.
4. Decreased immunity and bad injection technique.
5. Type of filler including shape and size of filler particle, hydrophobicity, degree of purification.
6. Depth and region of injection. The probability of biofilm infection is increased with deeper injections.
7. Diameter of needle.
8. Duration of filler.