Construct	Measurement Items (Seven-Point Scales)	Reliability
The boundary manipulation measure	This product information has a frame.	(Experiment 1) (Experiment 2) (Experiment 3)
Purchasing intention [79]	I would consider purchasing this hamburger I might purchase this hamburger	α = 0.907 (Experiment 1)
Perceived product quality [80]	My opinion of the quality of this burger	(Experiment 1)
Perceived innovativeness [81]	My perceived creativity of the packaging of this burger	(Experiment 1)
Product’s attractiveness [84]	This is an attractive bag of chips This is a well-liked bag of chips	α = 0.796 (Experiment 2)
The feeling of constraint [58]	While reading the product information on the chip packaging, I felt inhibited While reading the product information on the chip packaging, I felt constrained	α = 0.924 (Experiment 2) (Experiment 3)
Perceptions of warmth	I think this is a warm frame [85] I think this frame is friendly [86]	α = 0.716 (Experiment 2)
Product familiarity [87]	I see this product all the time when I’m shopping	(Experiment 2)
The self-construal manipulation measure [90]	What I just thought made me think of myself What I just thought made me think of my friends/family	(Experiment 3)
Product evaluation [91]	I am satisfied with these chocolate cookies I rate these chocolate cookies highly	α = 0.849 (Experiment 3)
Sense of control [92]	While reading the product information, I felt that everything was under my control	(Experiment 3)
Product liking [94]	I love eating chocolate chip cookies.	(Experiment 3)
Price [93]	Compared to other similar products, I expect this chocolate cookie to be relatively inexpensive	(Experiment 3)